Prenatal ultrasound detection of cleft lip, or cleft palate, or both, in southern Sweden, 2006–2010

Abstract

It has been possible to detect cleft lip (CL), with or without cleft palate (CLP), using ultrasound (US) since the beginning of the 1980s. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and isolated cleft palate (ICP), in our catchment area. Screening protocols in the different US clinics in southern Sweden were also compared, as regards evaluation of the fetal face and prenatal diagnosis of CLP. Forty-four (31%) of the patients were diagnosed by prenatal US and 97/144 (67%) were diagnosed at birth. The detection rate was 44/102 (43%) if the ICP are excluded. The specificity was 100%. Among the prenatally diagnosed clefts, 25/44 (57%) were diagnosed before the gestational age of 20 weeks. In 19/44 (43%) of the cases the US diagnosis of cleft was accurate in the light of the postnatal outcome. All US departments in our catchment area follow the Swedish guidelines and offer one routine US examination during the second trimester between 18 and 20 weeks of pregnancy. In addition, many of the clinics offer an additional US examination during the third trimester. Our detection rate is similar to previous findings. The detection rates and the accuracy of the prenatal diagnosis can be improved. To achieve this, an increased focus on detecting clefts, standardising scanning plans, and rescans in case of incomplete facial views, are essential.

Key Words::

• Cleft lip and palate
• ultrasound
• detection rate
• cleft team

Acknowledgements

We thank the parents of children born with cleft during the years 2006–2009 for participating in our survey. We thank all midwifes and physicians, in the ultrasound departments, who were interviewed.

Declaration of interest : The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.