The oculocardiac reflex in aponeurotic blepharoptosis surgery

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the oculocardiac reflex (OCR) and blepharoptosis surgery for safe eyelid surgery. Fifty-four consecutive patients with bilateral aponeurotic blepharoptosis were enrolled in this study. Changes in electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring were recorded during surgery. Preoperative pressing on the globe and intraoperative stretching of the levator aponeurosis were also carried out and the occurrence rate of the OCR was recorded. A positive OCR was observed in 12 patients (22.2%) in the preoperative globe-pressing test, whereas a positive OCR was observed in 22 patients (40.7%) in the levator-stretching test. The levator-stretching test did not indicate a significant difference in the rate of heart rate decrease with respect to laterality. No correlation was observed between age and the occurrence of OCR. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in the percentage of heart rate decrease between patients with positive OCR and negative OCR as determined in the globe-pressing test (mean = 13.1% vs. 5.4%). During the practical operative manoeuvre, no bradycardia was observed in any case. This study confirmed that a rapid and strong traction of levator aponeurosis induces the OCR regardless of laterality and age. Atraumatic and gentle handling are essential to prevent OCR. The preoperative globe-pressing test may be an index of the OCR in reflex-prone patients. Intraoperative ECG monitoring will be useful for early onset detection, although positive OCR was not observed in any patient during the practical surgical manoeuvre.

Key Words::

• Oculocardiac reflex
• trigeminal-vagal arc
• aponeurotic blepharoptosis
• aponeurotic advancement
• orbital septum
• levator muscle