The role of the bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid in the targeted oral delivery of the anti-diabetic drug gliclazide, and its applications in type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Gliclazide (G) is used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D), and also has anti-platelet, anti-radical, and anti-inflammatory effects. G has poor water solubility and high inter-individual variations in absorption, limiting its application in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The bile acid, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), has permeation-enhancing effects. Sodium alginate (SA) was used to microencapsulate G and CDCA to produce control (G-SA) and test (G-CDCA-SA) microcapsules. Both microcapsules showed uniform structure, morphology, and good stability profiles. CDCA reduced G-release at pH 7.8, while G-release was negligible at lower pH values in both microcapsules. CDCA incorporation resulted in less swelling and stronger microcapsules, suggesting improved stability.

Keywords::

• artificial cell microencapsulation
• bile acids
• chenodeoxycholic acid
• diabetes
• gliclazide

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the CHIRI at Curtin University, and the Curtin Seeding Grant for the support provided, and also acknowledge the use of laboratory equipment, scientific and technical assistance of the Curtin University, and the Electron Microscope Facility, which has been partially funded by the University, State, and Commonwealth Governments. The authors also acknowledge the Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory (Curtin School of Pharmacy). The authors would also like to acknowledge the use of equipment and assistance obtained from the School of Biomedical Sciences and the School of Public Health at Curtin University.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no declarations of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.