Workplace productivity, employment issues, and resource utilization in patients with bipolar I disorder

Abstract

Objective: To collect workplace productivity and healthcare utilization data from subjects with bipolar I disorder and compare the results with those from normative subjects.

Methods: A cross sectional survey was administered to patients and recruiting physicians. Data collected included employment status, Endicott Workplace Productivity Scale (EWPS) results, healthcare resource utilization, and quality-of-life.

Results: In comparison with normative subjects, bipolar I subjects reported lower levels of work productivity (measured by the EWPS). Bipolar I subjects also reported more frequent outpatient visits and more prescribed pharmaceuticals. Bipolar I subjects were more likely to miss work, have worked reduced hours due to medical or mental health issues, receive disability payments, been involved in a crime, be uninsured or covered by Medicare, or have been fired or laid off. The study groups were age- and gender-matched to reduce the impact of selection bias associated with a non-randomized study design. Other potential limitations affecting the results of the study include recall bias and possibly an impact of different data collection methods (e.g. Internet versus telephone).

Conclusions: Bipolar I disorder is associated with a negative effect on work productivity and resource utilization and is an appropriate disease management target for employers and healthcare decision makers.

Key words::

• bipolar disorder
• employment
• productivity
• resource utilization

Acknowledgments

Declaration of interest: This study was funded by Ortho-McNeil Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA. At the time of data collection, B.J.M. has disclosed that she was an employee of i3 Innovus, Ingenix, a company that received funding from Ortho-McNeil Janssen to conduct this research. K.E.D. has disclosed that she is an employee of Relevant Health Outcomes, who received funding from Ortho-McNeil Janssen to conduct this study. J.M.P. and R.D. have disclosed that they are stockholders and employees of Ortho-McNeil Janssen, which is part of Johnson & Johnson, Inc. The authors wish to acknowledge the technical and editorial support provided by Matthew Grzywacz, PhD, Helix Medical Communications.