In search of arenas for democratic deliberation: a Habermasian review of environmental assessment

Abstract

In this paper the deliberative potential of environmental assessment (EA) is explored. The analysis is structured around four principles derived from Jürgen Habermas's conception of discourse as an ideal procedure for rational and democratic decision-making. The results show that there are many barriers to an implementation of the Habermasian principles. Nevertheless, it is concluded that EA has a ‘hidden’ deliberative potential, which follows from the institutional flexibility of EA, that is, because EA legislation specifies minimal requirement for public participation, requirements that developers and authorities can exceed by using more inclusive and more dialogue-based participatory tools. Finally, the need for additional investigations of deliberation in EA is discussed.

Keywords:

• environmental assessment
• deliberation
• deliberative democracy
• communicative planning
• public participation