CALPUFF and AERMOD Model Validation Study in the Near Field: Martins Creek Revisited

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a near-field validation study involving the steady-state, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guideline model AERMOD and the nonsteady-state puff model CALPUFF. Relative model performance is compared with field measurements collected near Martins Creek, PA—a rural, hilly area along the Pennsylvania-New Jersey border. The principal emission sources in the study were two coal-fired power plants with tall stacks and buoyant plumes. Over 1 yr of sulfur dioxide measurements were collected at eight monitors located at or above the two power plants' stack tops. Concurrent meteorological data were available at two sites. Both sites collected data 10 m above the ground. One of the sites also collected sonic detection and ranging measurements up to 420 m above ground. The ability of the two models to predict monitored sulfur dioxide concentrations was assessed in a four-part model validation. Each part of the validation applied different criteria and statistics to provide a comprehensive evaluation of model performance. Because of their importance in regulatory applications, an emphasis was placed on statistics that demonstrate the model's ability to reproduce the upper end of the concentration distribution. On the basis of the combined results of the four-part validation (i.e., weight of evidence), the performance of CALPUFF was judged to be superior to that of AERMOD.

IMPLICATIONS

Use of the nonsteady-state CALPUFF model in the near field (<50 km) for regulatory applications has been limited because of the lack of appropriate model validation studies. Considered an alternative model by EPA, use of CALPUFF for regulatory purposes in the near field must be supported by a relevant performance evaluation using measured air quality data. This validation study should help address the lack of information on the performance of CALPUFF in near-field applications. The potential problem with the use of the robust high concentration as a metric in model validations is also examined.