Vision Therapy and Computer Orthoptics: Evidence-Based Approach to Use in Your Practice

Abstract

Convergence insufficiency is a commonly seen disorder of the vergence system. Its clinical characteristics and symptoms have been well described by Duane and von Graefe. Laboratory studies have clarified the vergence pathway, which includes a bi-phasic response. Several recent randomized controlled trials show the effectiveness of common treatment modalities, including pencil pushups, computer orthoptics, and office-based therapy. More studies are needed to investigate the possibility that other treatments may treat convergence insufficiency in a more profound way by acting on other parts of the vergence system.

• convergence insufficiency
• vergence system
• computer orthoptics
• home-based treatments