A Clinical Randomized Trial Comparing the Cycloplegic Effect of Cyclopentolate Drops Applied to Closed Eyelids Versus Open Eyelids

Abstract

Background and Purpose

Adequate cycloplegia and dilation are required for refraction and fundus exam in children. Standard practice is to instill cycloplegic drops in the inferior cul-de-sac, and this is often traumatic for children. Our study assesses the use of cyclopentolate on closed lids as a method of instillation for ensuring complete cycloplegia.

Patients and Method

Ninety children presenting for annual refraction were enrolled. Three were excluded as they did not finish the testing. One drop of Alcaine® and one drop of cyclopentolate HCL 1% were used in each eye. Cyclopentolate drops were placed on the inner canthus near the lid margin on the closed eye and directly onto the conjunctiva of the fellow eye.

Results

Overall, 145/174 eyes (83%) were fully cyclopleged with one drop. The methods of instillation were equally successful (seventy-two indirect vs. seventy-three direct). Age, eye color, spherical refractive error, astigmatic refractive error, and presence of amblyopia on the study visit played no role in the success of either method. Dark irises where the pupil margin was clinically indistinguishable had the largest number of failures (n = 17/44) in comparison to light irises (12/130), but had an equal amount of failures for both direct and indirect methods.

Conclusion

Placing one drop of cyclopentolate HCL 1% on a closed eyelid had a success rate for complete cycloplegia that was equivalent to placing one drop directly on the cornea.

• cycloplegia
• cycloplegia for children
• eye drop application
• refraction in children