Strong similarities in seasonal concentration ratios of SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ in precipitation between Sweden and the northeastern USFootnote^*
* Dr. Leonard A. Barrie acted as Guest Editor for this manuscript.

Lars O. HedinInstitute of Ecosystem Studies, The New York Botanical Garden, Box AB, Millbrook, NY12545, USA,; Present address: W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan49060-9516, USA.

Lennart GranatDepartment of Meteorology, Stockholm University, S-10691Stockholm, Sweden

Gene E. LikensInstitute of Ecosystem Studies, The New York Botanical Garden, Box AB, Millbrook, NY12545, USA,

Henning RodheDepartment of Meteorology, Stockholm University, S-10691Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

We analyzed 21-year long records of precipitation chemistry from central Scandinavia and the north-eastern US to compare seasonal variations of three major pollutant ions, SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺. Seasonal variations in concentrations of the individual ions were distinctly different between the two regions. However, despite these differences, we found strong and unexpected similarities between the two regions in seasonal variations of the concentration ratios NO₃^-/SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺/NO₃^- and NH₄⁺/SO₄^2-. A preliminary analysis suggests that these similarities are due to similarities between the two regions in chemical transformation and removal processes affecting SO₄^2- and NO₃^- in the atmosphere, and to a coupling between NH₄⁺ and SO₄^2- aerosol in long-range transport. Ion ratios appear to be less sensitive to seasonal variations in SO₂ and NO_x emissions compared to individual ion concentrations.

Notes

* Dr. Leonard A. Barrie acted as Guest Editor for this manuscript.

Strong similarities in seasonal concentration ratios of SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ in precipitation between Sweden and the northeastern USFootnote^*
* Dr. Leonard A. Barrie acted as Guest Editor for this manuscript.

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Strong similarities in seasonal concentration ratios of SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ in precipitation between Sweden and the northeastern USFootnote** Dr. Leonard A. Barrie acted as Guest Editor for this manuscript.

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Strong similarities in seasonal concentration ratios of SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ in precipitation between Sweden and the northeastern USFootnote^*
* Dr. Leonard A. Barrie acted as Guest Editor for this manuscript.