2ⁿ positive periodic solutions to n species non‐autonomous Lotka‐volterra unidirectional food chains with harvesting terms

Abstract

By using the Mawhin continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and some results on inequalities, we establish the existence of 2 ⁿ positive periodic solutions for n species non‐autonomous Lotka‐Volterra unidirectional food chains with harvesting terms. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.

Keywords:

• 2 ⁿ positive periodic solutions
• non‐autonomous Lotka‐Volterra food chain
• coincidence degree
• harvesting term

Notes

This work is supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of People's Republic of China under Grant 10971183.