Architecture competitions – a space for political contention. Socialist Romania, 1950–1956

Abstract

This is an account of the relationship between architecture and power in Romania during the Stalinist period. A cursory glance at Arhitectura – the only specialist magazine to resume publication after the change in regime – suggests compliance with political direction, and professional interest in translating the theoretical method of Socialist Realism into a specific, culturally localized architectural language. Architecture competitions are a medium of intersection between theory and practice, power and the profession, ideology and economy – a space where political contention based on professional knowledge becomes possible even in totalitarian regimes. Between 1950 and 1956, Arhitectura published several competitions which, far from reinforcing Socialist Realism as the dominant architectural discourse, exposed the method's internal contradictions and utopianism. In the ensuing confusion, there emerged a creative, practice-based counter-discourse centered on previously hegemonic dialects (the ‘national’). Based in equal amounts on the pre-established dynamics of professional culture, and on the willingness and ability of the architecture field to speculate the rules of the political game, this counter-discourse gradually led to the dismantling of Socialist Realism into alternative readings of Socialist architecture.

Keywords:

• Socialist Realism
• Romanian architecture
• Stalinist architecture
• architecture competitions
• architecture practice
• professional culture

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Ioana Cristina Popovici

ΙOANA CRISTINA POPOVICI

Trained as an architect at the “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning in Bucharest, and is currently a doctoral candidate at Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, Plymouth, UK. E-mail: [email protected]

Her research interests include architecture theory in totalitarian regimes, the urban development of modern Bucharest, and industrial architecture.