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Original Articles

Sustainable and balanced development of Lithuanian Curonian spit and Neringa municipality: Planning and political aspects

Pages 58-74 | Received 22 Oct 2009, Accepted 14 Dec 2009, Published online: 21 Oct 2010
 

Abstract

There are some significant positive accents in the history of Curonian spit land use management as well as important negative factors, including political, professional and specific. The new Master plan for Neringa municipality was prepared trying to take a more modern path adopted to the unique territory, ensuring balance of social, economical and ecological development and preservation of its valuables. The general development strategy is formed harmonizing the following development trends basic for this kind of territory: 1) natural conservation, 2) cultural conservation and 3) recreation. Based on the existing or planned priorities, the following generalized sectors, reflecting the different structure of development strategy, were distinguished in the longitudinal profile of Curonian spit: strict natural and partly cultural conservation strategy, limited natural or natural–cultural conservation strategy, limited natural–cultural conservation and sustainable recreation and urban development strategy, limited cultural–natural conservation, sustainable recreation and limited urban development strategy, limited cultural–natural conservation, intensive recreation and limited urban development strategy. The ambitious political war between the State Service for Protected Areas and the Neringa Municipality cannot be regarded as the best way of finding solutions of ideological, legal or planning inconsistencies whereas the current countering to Master Plan and incorrect chicanery regarding its solutions is an expression of ambitions and “revenge” on the Neringa Municipality. Rational solution in the existing perverted situation is to go back to integrated planning of Curonian spit. This would offer a possibility to merge together in one planning document of the Curonian spit national park management plan and Master plans of Neringa and Klaipeda (Smiltyne zone) municipalities.

Santrauka

Kuršiu nerijos raidoje išsiskiria tiek teigiami, tiek neigiami jos žemenaudos ir planavimo aspektai, iskaitant politinius, profesinius bei specifinius vietinius. Naujasis Neringos savivaldybes bendrasis planas buvo parengtas bandant pasirinkti modernesni planavimo būda, pritaikyta šiai unikaliai teritorijai ir darninanti socialini, ekonomini ir ekologini jos vystyma bei vertybiu išsaugojima. Generaline teritorijos naudojimo strategija buvo formuojama derinant tris svarbiausias jos vystymo kryptis: 1) gamtosauga, 2) kultūros paveldo išsaugojima, 3) rekreacija. Pagal susiformavusius arba numatomus šiu krypčiu prioritetus Kuršiu nerijos išilginiame profilyje buvo išskirti tokie apibendrinti skirtinga vystymo strategijos struktūra išreiškiantys Neringos ruožai: griežtos gamtines, iš dalies kultūrines, konservacijos; ribotos gamtines arba gamtines‐kultūrines konservacijos; ribotos gamtines‐kultūrines konservacijos ir tausojamosios rekreacijos be urbanistinio vystymo; ribotos kultūrines‐gamtines konservacijos, tausojamosios rekreacijos ir riboto urbanistinio vystymo; ribotos kultūrines‐gamtines konservacijos; intensyvios rekreacijos ir riboto urbanistinio vystymo. Politine prieštara tarp Valstybines saugomu teritoriju tarnybos ir Neringos savivaldybes esmingai trukdo rasti geriausius ideologinius, teisinius bei kraštotvarkos sprendimus, sudaro prielaidas pasireikšti savotiškam “kerštui” Bendrojo plano ir Neringos savivaldybes instituciju adresu. Todel racionaliausias sprendimas dabartineje beviltiškai iškreiptoje situacijoje – grižti prie integralaus Kuršiu nerijos planavimo. Tai reikštu politines valios pastangomis sujungti viename planavimo dokumente Kuršiu nerijos nacionalinio parko plana bei Neringos ir Klaipedos (Smiltynes zona) savivaldybiu bendruosius planus. Antra vertus, būtina ieškoti glaudesnio bendradarbiavimo su pietines Kuršiu nerijos dalies valdymo institucijomis ir parengti bendra visos nerijos pletotes vizija.

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