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Original Articles

Urbanistinis Genotipas: Kai Kurie Aspektai Ir Jų Kaitos Tyrimai

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Pages 73-81 | Received 25 Mar 2011, Published online: 22 May 2013
 

Santrauka

Miestas – atvira, kompleksis˘ka sistema, kuri turi keistis tam, kad is˘liktų. Poreikis keistis ir is˘saugoti miesto savitumui svarbias erdvines jo charakteristikas dažnai verčia rinktis vieną is˘ dviejų: kaitą ar stagnaciją. Urbanistinio genotipo ir fenotipo koncepcija leidžia is˘spręsti minėtą dilemą: keičiantis formai urbanistinis kodas ar genotipas gali is˘likti nepakitęs ir taip užtikrinti evoliucinę urbanistinės struktūros kaitą. Straipsnyje, remiantis istoriniais analogais, teigiamai įvertinus urbanistinio kodo utilitaraus užras˘ymo galimybes, pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas kai kuriems kodo aspektams tirti ir jų kaitai įvertinti. Kaip tyrimų poligonas naudojamas istorinis Kauno centras – miesto savasčiai svarbi ir architektūriniu požiūriu radikaliai nepakeista miesto dalis. Tyrimų rezultatai atskleidžia įvykusius didelius teritorijos urbanistinio genotipo pokyčius ir kartu patvirtina vieną is˘ tyrimo pradžioje padarytų prielaidų: miestui kaip kompleksis˘kai sistemai gali būti būdingas „drugelio efektas“ – ir nedideli pakeitimai fenotipe gali sukelti gana dideles mutacijas genotipe.

Abstract

A city is an open complex system. It should change in order to survive. Besides the need to change there is another one – to preserve stability of a valuable spatial structure. Two contradictory needs can create a problem, which is hard to solve. Concepts of urban genotype and phenotype help integrating both of the two above-mentioned needs. The same genotype can be expressed in different forms thus creating preconditions for evolution of an urban structure. On the basis of historical analogues, a conclusion was made that it is possible to describe an urban genotype in a utilitarian form in the article. The described research focuses on some aspects of urban genotype and investigation of code changes. As an experimental site for research, Kaunas downtown area was selected. This area is of crucial importance for preservation of Kaunas identity, which – at least at first glance – was protected from significant architectural and urban changes during the Soviet era… Results of the investigation reveal revolutionary changes of the genotype of the investigated area despite the fact that the street network and urban morphotype did not change much. It confirms the complex nature of the urban spatial structure and potential presence of the “butterfly effect”.

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