A revision of the Alpova diplophloeus complex in North America

Abstract

Alpova diplophloeus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) is the only currently recognized Alpova in North America with a brownish peridium, large gleba chambers and which forms ectomycorrhizas with Alnus. However, A. diplophloeus as currently circumscribed is a polyphyletic species, with at least three distinct genetic entities. Using a combination of molecular and morphological characters, we examined the type collections of A. diplophloeus, as well as species synonymized with it, including A. cinnamomeus and Rhizopogon parvisporus. We also examined several other collections of A. diplophloeus complex basidiomata. We describe A. diplophloeus sensu stricto; we also resurrect A. cinnamomeus, synonymized with R. parvisporus and describe a new species, A. concolor, from the complex.

• barcode gap analysis
• hypogeous fungi

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the US National Fungal Herbarium, the Herbarium of the University of Michigan, the Oregon State University Herbarium, the Herbarium of the University of British Columbia and their staffs for making collections and annotations available. We also thank Andrus Voitk for stimulating discussion and for providing several of the specimens studied here. We thank Lindsey Nietmann for comments, and two anonymous reviewers for the chance to improve this manuscript.