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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to perform a cross-reactivity investigation of six benzofurans with immunoassays (IAs) screening tests for amphetamines and ecstasy in urine samples. Methods: The following benzofuranes were investigated: 5-(2-Methylaminopropyl)Benzofuran (5-MAPB), 5-(2-methylaminopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (5-MAPDB), 5-(2-Aminopropyl)-Benzofuran (5-APB), 5-(2-Aminopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (5-APDB), 5-(2-Ethylaminopropyl)Benzofuran (5-EAPB) and 5-(2-Aminoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (5-AEDB). The study was performed with urine-free spiked samples and authentic urine samples using eight different IAs for amphetamines and ecstasy. Results: All evaluated benzofurans showed cross-reactivity in some of the IAs tested, except for 5-AEDB. Urine samples of an intoxication case involving 5-MAPB, 5-APB and 5-EAPB were also positives in the IAs tested. Conclusion: There is an important variability in the cross-reactivity of the IAs for amphetamine and ecstasy caused by benzofurans depending on the immunoassay employed and the tested compounds.
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Financial & competing interests disclosure
This work was supported partially by a grant from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI15/00251), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Spain. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.
Ethical conduct of research
The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank D Mueller, P Adamowicz, and D Lonati for the information provided for the development of this work.