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Abstract
Aim: This study aims at developing a nondestructive way for investigating protein adsorption on surfaces such as biomaterials using mass spectrometry. Methods: Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in contact with poly carbonate membranes were used as adsorption templates and on-surface enzymatic digestion was applied to desorb proteins and cleave them into peptides. Mass spectrometric analysis provided both protein identification and determination of protein specific adsorption behavior. Results: In general, the adsorption increased with incubation time but also protein-specific time-resolved adsorption patterns from the complex protein solution were discovered. Conclusion: The method developed is a promising tool for the characterization of biofouling, which sometimes causes rejection and encapsulation of implants and can be used as complement to other surface analytical techniques.
One problem associated with artificial materials in the body is that proteins in the body interact with the surface, which sometimes causes rejection of the implant. In this study, a method for investigating the time-dependent protein adsorption on a surface originating from a complex biological protein solution was developed. Compared with other surface analyses, this method can identify what proteins that adsorbs on the surface. In addition, determination of protein-specific adsorption behavior in relation to incubation was possible. Generally, more proteins adsorbed to the surface with increase in incubation time.
Supplementary data
To view the supplementary data that accompany this paper please visit the journal website at: www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4155/FSO.15.32
Author contributions
T Undin took part in the planning, performed all of the laboratory experiments, evaluated most of the data and wrote the major part of the paper. SB Lind supervised, took part in data evaluation and wrote parts of the paper. AP Dahlin supervised, took part in the planning, evaluated some data and created images, and also wrote parts of the paper.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
This study was supported by: Åke Wibergs and Magnus Bergvalls Foundations (SB Lind) and Uppsala Berzelii Technology Center for Neurodiagnostics. Grant numbers: Åke Wiberg foundation M14–0127, Magnus Bergvall foundation 2014-00367. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.
Ethical conduct of research
The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.