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Financial & competing interests disclosure
IA Cook, CP Kealey, CM DeGiorgio are named as inventors on patents and/or patent applications concerning trigeminal nerve stimulation that they assigned to the Regents of the University of California (UC) and/or NeuroSigma, Inc. All three physicians also have leadership roles at NeuroSigma, Inc., the exclusive worldwide licensee of UC's intellectual property on TNS, including employment and stock options. CM DeGiorgio is Vice President, Neurology; CP Kealey is Director of Global Medical Affairs & Corporate Projects; IA Cook is Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer. Additionally, CM DeGiorgio and IA Cook are Professors in Residence at UCLA in Neurology (CMD) and in Psychiatry and Bioengineering (IAC). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.