Behavioral abnormalities in prion protein knockout mice and the potential relevance of PrP^C for the cytoskeleton

Abstract

The cellular prion protein (PrP^C) is a highly conserved protein, which is anchored to the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Even though its physiological function has already been investigated in different cell or mouse models where PrP^C expression is either upregulated or depleted, its exact physiological role in a mammalian organism remains elusive. Recent studies indicate that PrP^C has multiple functions and is involved in cognition, learning, anxiety, locomotion, depression, offensive aggression and nest building behavior. While young animals (3 months of age) show only marginal abnormalities, most of the deficits become apparent as the animals age, which might indicate its role in neurodegeneration or neuroprotection. However, the exact biochemical mechanism and signal transduction pathways involving PrP^C are only gradually becoming clearer. We report the observations made in different studies using different Prnp0/0 mouse models and propose that PrP^C plays an important role in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and associated proteins. In particular, we showed a nocodazole treatment influenced colocalization of PrP^C and α tubulin 1. In addition, we confirmed the observed deficits in nest building using a different backcrossed Prnp0/0 mouse line.

Keywords:

• aging
• behavior
• cellular prion protein
• cytoskeleton
• tubulin

Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest

No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge Melissa L. Erickson-Beltran for her help in preparing this manuscript.

Funding

The work was supported by a grant from the European Commission: Protecting the food chain from prions: shaping European priorities through basic and applied research (priority, no. 222887) project number: FP7-KBBE-2007–2A and Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND – DEMTEST: Biomarker based diagnosis of rapidly progressive dementias-optimization of diagnostic protocols, 01ED1201A) as well as from the Alzheimer-Forschungs-Initiative e.V. (AFI 12851).