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Abstract
ARTS is an unusual septin that is localized to mitochondria in living cells promotes apoptosis by antagonizing IAPs. ARTS functions as a tumor suppressor in Acute Lymphoblatic Leukemia (ALL) and is lost in more than of leukemic patients. The loss of ARTS is specific as levels of H5, a closely related non-apoptotic septin protein derived from the same gene, were unaffected. Thus, ARTS, a new member in the mitochondrial pro-apoptoticarsenal, provides a link between mitochondria, apoptosis and cancer.