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Abstract
Non-CG methylation is well characterized in plants, where it appears to play a role in gene silencing and genomic imprinting. Although strong evidence for the presence of non-CG methylation in animals has been available for some time, both its origin and function remain elusive. In this review we discuss available evidence on non-CG methylation in animals in light of evidence suggesting that the human stem cell methylome contains significant levels of methylation outside the CG site.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by grants from the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program of the US ARMY (W81XWH-08-1-0517) and the US National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (CA102521 and CA 136055) to S.S.S. and by grant 09-08-00687 to O.D. and 10-04-00037 to Y.B. from the Russian Foundation of Fundamental Research.