![Sample our Bioscience journals, sign in here to start your access, Latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5925/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Bioscience.jpg"})
Abstract
The epidemiology of Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) is distinct in the United States and Canada compared with other countries. This review describes the incidence, mortality and vaccination strategies relevant to IMD in these countries over the past 65 y. The incidence of IMD has remained consistently low in both countries during this period. Serogroup B and serogroup C have been the most prominent disease-causing serogroups. Notably, serogroup Y has recently become an important cause of IMD in the USA, but has not been as prominent in Canada. Periodic rises in incidence have been characterized by local outbreaks that have raised public concern, especially those caused by serogroup C in Canada, and serogroup B in the USA. Case fatality rates have remained consistent at around 10–20%, but vary by age and serogroup. Recent outbreaks have led to the introduction of vaccination programs for both outbreak control and routine immunization.
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals SA paid for all costs associated with development and publication of the present manuscript. GSK Biologicals SA has meningococcal conjugate vaccines licensed for use. A.T. and H.W. are employees of Heron Evidence Development Ltd which received funding from GSK Biologicals SA to conduct research for this study and to provide writing assistance for this manuscript. C.B. and A.V. are employees of GSK Group of companies.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Jacqueline Miller, MD (GSK Vaccines) for input in the manuscript and Wouter Houthoofd (XPE Pharma and Science, on behalf of GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) for editorial assistance in co-ordination and submission of the manuscript
