Elucidating the role of cofactors in mammalian prion propagation

Abstract

Perhaps the most intriguing scientific question about mammalian prions is how these proteinaceous entities encode and propagate infectivity. Over the past decade, our laboratory has taken a reductionist biochemical approach to study this challenging question. Our studies have resulted in the identification of endogenous phospholipid and polyanionic cofactor molecules that facilitate prion formation in vitro. Using these cofactor molecules, we have been able to produce purified, chemically defined prions with high levels of specific infectivity for wild type animal hosts. Our most recent studies suggest that cofactor molecules may also play crucial roles in maintaining the infectious conformation and strain properties of mammalian prions. The ability to produce high titer prions in vitro using cofactors provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the structural mechanism of infectious prion formation directly.

Keywords: :

• prion
• cofactors
• phosphatidylethanolamine
• phospholipids
• RNA

10.4161/pri.27501

Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest

No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by a research grants from the National Institutes of Health (2R01 NS046478).