473
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

THE INTERNATIONAL SHARING OF NIAGARA RIVER HYDROELECTRIC POWER DIVERSIONS

Pages 26-38 | Published online: 23 Jan 2013
 

Abstract

An important international Niagara River management issue is the sharing of water diverted from the falls for hydroelectric power production between Canada and the United States. Power diversions were originally divided between the two nations by Article V of the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty. The 1950 Niagara Treaty established the flow sharing arrangement which is presently in force. The purpose of this paper is to examine the power diversions available to Canada and the United States under each Treaty. It concludes that a larger share of diversions from the Niagara River has been available to the United States than has been available to Canada since 1909. The American advantage under the 1909 Treaty is attributable to the Chicago Diversion and to power exports by American generating stations in Canada. Canada accepted less than an equal share of diversions from the Niagara River in exchange for American agreement to other 1909 Treaty provisions. The United States advantage under the 1950 Niagara Treaty is attributable to: the Chicago Diversion, DeCew Exemption, New York State Barge Canal, power exports, consumptive water use, and Ogoki and Long Lake Diversions exceeding 5000 cfs. Canada accepted this arrangement in exchange for speedy United States Senate ratification of the 1950 Treaty. New Niagara generating facilities were urgently required in Ontario to meet rapidly increasing energy demands at the time.

Le Traité des eaux limitrophes ainsi que le Traité du Niagara contiennent des dispositions visant à conserver le superbe spectacle qu’offrent les chutes Niagara tout en permettant des dérivations substantielles pour obtenir une production de pouvoir hydro-électrique d’une moyenne de déversement de 202,000 pi3/sec de la rivière Niagara. Les deux traités déclarent que le Canada et les Etats-Unis doivent partager également les avantages dérivés de ce pouvoir. Ce document a pour objet d’examiner l’égnité internationale des dispositions des traités de 1909 et 1950 relativement au partage des avantages dérivés du pouvoir du Niagara et d’identifier les facteurs historiques et politiques fondamentaux qui expliquent toute injustice.En y jetant un coup d’oeil rétrospectif, l’expérience du Niagara suggère que les accords sur le développement ou la gestion des rivières internationales devraient inclure des dispositions qui permettraient des ajustements périodiques en vue de circonstances variables. Des études rétrospectives sur d’autres dispositions des traités internationaux des eaux renforcent le point de vue qu’une plus grande flexibilité administrative est nécessaire afin d’assurer qu’on continue à atteindre les objectifs pendant la durée de tels accords.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.