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Articles

THE EGYPT-SUDAN PERMANENT JOINT TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR NILE WATER

Pages 71-83 | Published online: 23 Jan 2013
 

Abstract

Concern for preserving the historic rights of Egypt to certain minimum discharges of the Nile River was the subject of an exchange of diplomatic notes in 1924-25 between the Government of Egypt and the Government of Great Britain. The exchange was prompted by the proposed development of a large irrigation scheme in the Sudan in the Gezira region south of Khartoum. As a result, a three-man Nile Commission was appointed "for the purpose of examining and proposing the basis on which irrigation can be carried out (in the Sudan) with full consideration of the interests of Egypt and without detriment to her natural and historic rights". As a result of the Commission’s report a Nile Water Agreement 1929 was signed by Egypt and the Sudan.When the decision was made to build the High Dam at Aswan, and because the reservoir would extend across the Egypt-Sudan border covering most of the ancient land of Nubia in both countries, an additional agreement "for the full utilization of the Nile waters" was negotiated and signed in 1959. The content, scope and implications of these agreements and the current status of works under the 1959 agreement is discussed in this paper.

Le souci de vouloir préserver les droits historiques de l’Egypte à certains déversements minimums du Nile suscita un échange de correspondance diplomatique en 1924-25 entre le gouvernement de l’Egypte et celui de la Grande-Bretagne. Cet échange fut encouragé par le projet de développement d’un plan important d’irrigation au Soudan dans la région de Gezira située au sud de Khartoum. Par la suite, on nomma trois personnes a la Commission du Nile "en leur donnant le mandat d’étudier et de proposer une base sur laquelle on pourrait entreprendre des travaux d’irrigation dans le Soudan en prenant en considération les intérêts de l’Egypte sans préjudice de ses droits naturels et historiques". Suite au rapport préparé par la Commission, l’Egypte et le Soudan signèrent l’Accord des eaux du Nile, 1929.Un accord supplémentaire "voulant que les eaux du Nile soient utilisées à leur maximum" fut négocié et signé en 1959, suite à la décision de construire le barrage High a Aswan et en vue du fait que le réservoir traverserait la frontière Egypte-Soudan, recouvrant ainsi la plus grande partie des terres anciennes de la Nubie dans les deux pays. Ce document discute de la portée du contenu et des implications de ces accords et de l’état actuel des travaux en vertu de l’accord de 1959.

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