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Articles

Low Arctic Wetland Hydrology

Pages 69-75 | Published online: 23 Jan 2013
 

Abstract

Many fens occur in the low arctic of Canada, relying on rainfall and lateral inflow to maintain saturated conditions throughout the thawed season. A study in central Keewatin demonstrates that such wetlands discharge most of the snow meltwater as surface runoff during spring when the ground is frozen. In summer, evaporation and wetland outflow are maintained by rainfall and lateral inflow. Three sources of inflow are recognized; lakes, streams and late-lying snowbanks. The fens of the low arctic can be distinguished clearly in aerial photographs. This offers an easy method of mapping wetlands in the Canadian north.

La basse toundra canadienne comporte un grand nombre de marais dont la saturation, pendant la saison du dégel, dépend en grande partie des précipitations et de l’écoulement latéral. Une étude menée dans le centre du Keewatin démontre qu’au printemps, lorsque le sol est gelé, la plus grande partie de la neige qui fond dans ces marécages s’en va sous forme d’eau de ruissellement.Pendant l’été, les précipitations et l’écoulement latéral contrebalancent l’évaporation et les sorties d’eau. Les marécages s’alimentent à trois sources : les lacs, les ruisseaux et les congères à fonte tardive. On distingue aisément les marais de la basse toundra arctique sur les photographies aériennes. Il est donc facile d’établir la cartographie des marécages du Grand Nord canadien.

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