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Articles

Water Balance in the Wilson Creek Basin, Manitoba

Pages 23-33 | Published online: 23 Jan 2013
 

Abstract

Various meteorological, hydrological and hydrogeological observations have been carried out in the Wilson Creek watershed in Manitoba in accordance with the programmes of the International Hydrological Decade (IHD) and International Hydrological Programme (IHP). Based on these observations, annual water balances in the basin were calculated for the period from 1966 to 1979. As a result of such calculations the following long-term average values were obtained: precipitation – 663 mm; direct runoff and interflow – 133 mm; baseflow – 92 mm; total runoff – 225 mm; evaporation from the surface and unsaturated zone – 374 mm; evaporation from the water table – 72 mm; total evaporation – 446 mm; change in the groundwater storage – minus 3 mm; change in the soil moisture storage – minus 5 mm.The water distribution in the basin in dry and wet years as a percentage of precipitation is also presented.The values of water balance components, especially those of total evaporation and evaporation from the saturated and unsaturated zones, can be used for approximate evaluation of water balance in other small basins with similar climatic conditions located along the Manitoba Escarpment, which have not yet been investigated in full.

Divers relevés météorologiques, hydrologiques et hydrogéologiques ont été exécutés dans le bassin hydrographique Wilson Creek au Manitoba conformément au International Hydrological Decade (IHD) et au International Hydrological Programme (IHP). Ces relevés servirent à calculer les bilans hydrologiques annuels du bassin hydrographique pour la période 1966–1979. Ces calculs permirent d’obtenir les résultats à long terme suivants : précipitation – 663 mm; écoulement direct et écoulement divergent – 133 mm; débit de base – 92 mm; écoulement global – 225 mm; évaporation à la surface du plan et de la zone non saturée – 374 mm; évaporation à la surface du plan d’eau – 72 mm; evaporation totale – 446 mm; changement dans l’emmagasinement de la nappe phréatique – moins 3 mm; changement dans l’emmagasinement de l’humidité du sol – moins 5 mm.On aborde également, en termes de pourcentage, la répartition de l’eau dans le bassin lors des années sèches et des années humides.Il est possible d’utiliser les valeurs de composants des bilans hydrologiques, surtout celles de l’évaporation totale et de l’évaporation de zones saturées et non saturées, pour faire une évaluation approximative des bilans hydrologiques d’autres petits bassins soumis aux mêmes conditions climatiques situés le long de l’escarpement Manitoba et qui n’ont pas encore fait l’objet d’une étude poussée.

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