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Articles

Sub-Watershed Contributions to the Suspended Sediment Yield of Spring Creek Watershed, Alberta

Pages 74-84 | Published online: 23 Jan 2013
 

Abstract

Sub-watershed contributions to the suspended sediment yield of Spring Creek Watershed, a 113 km2 forested area in northwestern Alberta, were examined. The analysis was based on a five year record of suspended sediment and water discharge from Spring Creek Watershed and five of its sub-watersheds, compiled as part of the Canadian contribution to the International Hydrological Decade Programme. The gauged sub-watersheds accounted for 76 percent of the total area of Spring Creek Watershed, 82 percent of its total water yield, but only 8 percent of its total sediment yield. Annual sediment yield patterns and sediment rating curve analysis indicated that sediment discharge from Spring Creek Watershed was largely independent of the erosional processes operating in the sub-watersheds. A simple conceptual model is proposed which explains the interaction between the sediment discharge of the sub-watersheds and that of Spring Creek Watershed by identifying the major sediment sinks and sources in the study area. The model suggests that runoff and sediment generation are not spatially coincident processes and that over 90 percent of the watershed sediment yield is derived from less than 1 percent of its area. The model is considered to be generally applicable to the sediment regime of other, similar watersheds in the region.

On a examiné les apports de sous-bassins versants aux débits solides en suspension du bassin versant de Spring Creek, une zone forestière de 113 km2 dans le nord-ouest de l’Alberta. L’analyse était fondée sur cinq ans d’enregistrement de débits d’eau et de sédiments en suspension provenant du bassin versant de Spring Creek et de cinq de ses sous-bassins. La compilation faisait partie de la contribution canadienne à la Décennie internationale de l’hydrologie. Les sous-bassins jaugés représentaient 76% de la superficie totale de Spring Creek, 82% de son débit total en eau, mais seulement 8% de son débit solide. L’analyse des courbes de tarage et des distributions de débits solides annuels indique que, dans une large mesure, les débits solides de Spring Creek étaient indépendants du processus d’érosion des sous-bassins. L’on propose un modèle conceptuel simple qui explique l’interaction entre le débit solide des sous-bassins versants et celui du bassin de Spring Creek, en identifiant les principaux <<puits>> et sources de sédiments dans la zone à l’étude. Le modèle suggère que le ruissellement et la production de sédiments ne sont pas des processus qui coîncident dans l’espace, et que plus de 90% des sédiments produits par le bassin versant proviennent de moins de 1% de ladite zone. D’une manière générale, ce modèle et considéré comme applicable au régime de sédiments d’autres bassins versants similaires de la région.

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