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Research Papers

The Water Chemistry of Shallow Ponds around Wapusk National Park of Canada, Hudson Bay Lowlands

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Pages 163-175 | Published online: 23 Jan 2013
 

Abstract

Understanding the structure and function of ecosystems in Canada's national parks is essential in fulfilling the Parks Canada Agency's mandate to manage for ecological integrity. Wapusk National Park is representative of the Hudson Bay Lowlands and small lakes and ponds make up a considerable component of the landscape. The Hudson Bay Lowlands have experienced relatively recent isostatic rebound from submarine conditions, hence proximity to the coast was found to be a major factor in determining the concentration of dissolved salts in pond water. It was observed that the ionic composition of the water in ponds throughout much of the park is consistent, indicating that most of the ponds are an expression of surface water maintaining little connection to groundwater. The prevalence of permafrost throughout much of the park is likely the reason for this stability. Ponds within the park also show considerable variability in the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) they contain. DOC shows a strong north-south and east-west trend. Ponds in the northeast of the park have lower DOC values while ponds in the southwest of the park have higher levels of DOC. Changes in DOC within the park appear to be driven by changes in the terrestrial vegetation surrounding the ponds.

Climatically mediated changes in northern tree line and permafrost are likely to cause the greatest alteration of aquatic habitats in Wapusk National Park. The paucity of background data makes it impossible to assess the amount of change that may have already occurred in the park. This research provides the first landscape-level study for the area and shows that there are distinct limnological patterns over this landscape that are likely to be sensitive to climate change and should be readily detectable with ongoing monitoring.

La comprhension de la structure et de la fonction des cosystmes en parcs nationaux du Canada est essentielle en accomplissant le mandat de l'agence du Canada de parcs pour contrler pour l'intgrit cologique. Le parc national de Wapusk est reprsentant des terres en contre-bas de compartiment de Hudson et les petits lacs et les tangs composent un composant considrable du paysage. Les terres en contre-bas de compartiment de Hudson ont prouv le rebond isostatique relativement rcent des conditions submersibles, par consquent la proximit la cte s'est avre un facteur important en dterminant la concentration des sels dissous dans l'eau dtang. On l'a observ que la composition ionique de l'eau dans les tangs dans tous une grande partie du parc est conforme, indiquant que la plupart des tangs sont une expression de l'eau de surface maintenant peu de raccordement aux eaux souterraines. La prdominance du perglisol dans tous une grande partie du parc est probable la raison de cette stabilit. Les tangs dans le parc montrent galement que variabilit considrable dans la quantit de carbone organique dissous (COD) qu'ils contiennent. Le COD montre une tendance au nord-sud et est-ouest forte. Les tangs dans le nord-est du parc ont des valeurs plus basses de COD tandis que des tangs dans le sud-ouest du parc font sembler des niveaux plus levs des changements de COD de COD dans le parc tre conduits par des changements de la vgtation terrestre entourant les tangs.

Les changements climatiquement ngocis de la ligne d'arbre et du perglisol nordiques sont susceptibles de causer le plus grand changement d'habitats aquatiques dans le parc national de Wapusk. Le manque des donnes de fond le rend impossible dvaluer la quantit de changement qui a pu stre dj produite en parc. Cette recherche fournit la premire tude de paysage-niveau pour le secteur et prouve qu'il y a des modles limnological distincts au-dessus de ce paysage qui sont susceptibles dtre sensibles au changement climatique et devraient tre aisment discernables avec la surveillance continue.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Bob Reside (Chief Park Warden Wapusk), Greg Lundie, and Melissa Gibbons for logistical support and assistance in the field.

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