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Articles

SOME WATER QUALITY ISSUES OF CROWFOOT CREEK, ALBERTA

Pages 111-124 | Published online: 23 Jan 2013
 

Abstract

In 1996, the Irrigation Branch of Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development (AAFRD) began a three-year study to determine the potential impacts of human activities on the water quality of Crowfoot Creek. In this paper we report the findings with regard to two features; the impacts of irrigation tailwater discharges on creek water quality and the impacts caused by village waste-water lagoon discharges. Two years of data were collected via water samplers and flow level recorders on the following: nitrogen as nitrite and as nitrate, ammonium, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen, ortho-phosphate, total phosphorus, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and fecal coliform. The lagoon discharge accounted for 17.4% of the total dissolved solids massload leaving the watershed. All other constituent massloads were minimal to insignificant (7.9 – 0.3%). The Canadian Environmental Guideline of nitrogen as nitrite for freshwater aquatic life was exceeded only once in the 1996 and 1997 lagoon discharges. Fecal coliform concentrations in the lagoon discharge exceeded the freshwater aquatic life guideline but did not exceed the irrigation guideline. Tailwater accounted for 55% and 59% of total creek discharge in 1996 and 1997 respectively. Tailwater has a detrimental impact on creek water quality during each early spring season and during runoff producing rainfall events. Canal flushing during early spring start-up introduced contaminants to the creek water. During the summer, irrigation tailwater tended to dilute the creek water. Substantial over-wintering and grazing occurs adjacent to and within the creek bed. This grazing is seen as a major source of summer constituents in the creek.

En 1996, la section irrigation de "Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development (AAFRD)" entreprenait une étude de trois ayant comme objectif de déterminer les impacts potentiels des pratiques agricoles sur la qualité de l’eau du ruisseau Crowfoot. Cet article décrit particulièrement les impacts qu’entraîne les effluents des irrigations "tailwater" et du municipaux de lagune de village de Standard sur la qualité de l’eau du ruisseau. A l’aide de collecteurs d’échantillons et d’un enregistreur de niveau d’eau, la concentration d’azote (nitrite et nitrate), d’ammonium, d’azote de Kjeldalh, d’azote total, d’orthophosphate, de phosphore total, de solides dissous totaux, de solides suspendus totaux et de conformes fécaux ont été mesuré sur deux ans. Les résultats démontrent que les effluents de lagune contribuait à 17.4% de la charge en solides dissous totaux du réseau hydraulique. Tout les autres paramètres avaient des charges variant de minime à nul (7.9 à 0.3%). Le taux d’azote sous forme nitritique à dépassé seulement une fois les recommandations du guide Canadien Environnemental pour l’eau douce en 1996 et 1997. Le taux de conforme fécaux excéda les recommandations pour l’eau douce mais jamais celle pur l’eau d’irrigation. Il est proposé que les autres constituants du ruisseau Crowfoot proviennent des eaux de ruissellement et aussi des effets de perturbations causées par les troupeaux de vaches broutant près du ruisseau.

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