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Original Articles

Neuropsychological Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) in Recreational Users

Pages 446-459 | Published online: 09 Aug 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (3)

Karen L. Hanson & Monica Luciana. (2010) Neurocognitive impairments in MDMA and other drug users: MDMA alone may not be a cognitive risk factor. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 32:4, pages 337-349.
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Articles from other publishers (36)

Antje Opitz, Miriam-Sophie Petasch, Regine Klappauf, Josephine Kirschgens, Julian Hinz, Lena Dittmann, Anthea S. Dathe, Boris B. Quednow, Christian Beste & Ann-Kathrin Stock. (2023) Does chronic use of amphetamine-type stimulants impair interference control? – A meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 146, pages 105020.
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Sandeep M. Nayak & Matthew W. Johnson. 2020. Tasman’s Psychiatry. Tasman’s Psychiatry 1 34 .
Fatemeh Kermanian, Masoumeh Seghatoleslam & Simin Mahakizadeh. (2022) MDMA related neuro-inflammation and adenosine receptors. Neurochemistry International 153, pages 105275.
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Catharine Montgomery & Carl A. Roberts. (2022) Neurological and cognitive alterations induced by MDMA in humans. Experimental Neurology 347, pages 113888.
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Catharine Montgomery & Carl A. Roberts. 2020. Cognition and Addiction. Cognition and Addiction 165 177 .
Matteo Marti, Margherita Neri, Sabrine Bilel, Marco Di Paolo, Raffaele La Russa, Andrea Ossato & Emanuela Turillazzi. (2018) MDMA alone affects sensorimotor and prepulse inhibition responses in mice and rats: tips in the debate on potential MDMA unsafety in human activity. Forensic Toxicology 37:1, pages 132-144.
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Timothy Amoroso. (2018) Are the neurocognitive deficits associated with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine caused by statistical deficits in ecstasy research? A systematic review. Drug Science, Policy and Law 4, pages 205032451878921.
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Michael D. Wunderli, Matthias Vonmoos, Marina Fürst, Katrin Schädelin, Thomas Kraemer, Markus R. Baumgartner, Erich Seifritz & Boris B. Quednow. (2017) Discrete memory impairments in largely pure chronic users of MDMA. European Neuropsychopharmacology 27:10, pages 987-999.
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Ben Sessa. (2017) Can 3,4,-methylenedioxymethamphetamine therapy be used to treat alcohol use disorder?. Journal of Psychedelic Studies 1:1, pages 1-9.
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Christian Montag & Benjamin Becker. 2016. Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse. Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse 473 483 .
CA Roberts & Catharine Montgomery. (2015) Cortical oxygenation suggests increased effort during cognitive inhibition in ecstasy polydrug users. Journal of Psychopharmacology 29:11, pages 1170-1181.
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C. A. Roberts & C. Montgomery. (2014) fNIRS suggests increased effort during executive access in ecstasy polydrug users. Psychopharmacology 232:9, pages 1571-1582.
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CA Roberts, S Fairclough, JE Fisk, FT Tames & C Montgomery. (2013) Electrophysiological indices of response inhibition in human polydrug users. Journal of Psychopharmacology 27:9, pages 779-789.
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Andrew C. Parrott. (2013) MDMA, serotonergic neurotoxicity, and the diverse functional deficits of recreational ‘Ecstasy’ users. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 37:8, pages 1466-1484.
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Andrew C. Parrott. (2013) Human psychobiology of MDMA or ‘Ecstasy’: an overview of 25 years of empirical research. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 28:4, pages 289-307.
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Tristan J. Watkins, Vidya Raj, Junghee Lee, Mary S. Dietrich, Aize Cao, Jennifer U. Blackford, Ronald M. Salomon, Sohee Park, Margaret M. Benningfield, Christina R. Di Iorio & Ronald L. Cowan. (2012) Human ecstasy (MDMA) polydrug users have altered brain activation during semantic processing. Psychopharmacology 227:1, pages 41-54.
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Con Stough, Rebecca King, Katherine Papafotiou, Phillip Swann, Edward Ogden, Keith Wesnes & Luke A. Downey. (2011) The acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and d-methamphetamine on human cognitive functioning. Psychopharmacology 220:4, pages 799-807.
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Philip N. Murphy, Raimondo Bruno, Ida Ryland, Michele Wareing, John E. Fisk, Catharine Montgomery & Joanne Hilton. (2012) The effects of ‘ecstasy’ (MDMA) on visuospatial memory performance: findings from a systematic review with meta‐analyses. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 27:2, pages 113-138.
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John E. Fisk, Catharine Montgomery & Florentia Hadjiefthyvoulou. (2011) Visuospatial working memory impairment in current and previous ecstasy/polydrug users. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 26:4-5, pages 313-321.
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Mark BlagroveJennifer SeddonSophie GeorgeAndrew C ParrottRobert StickgoldMatthew P WalkerKaty A JonesMichael J Morgan. (2010) Procedural and declarative memory task performance, and the memory consolidation function of sleep, in recent and abstinent ecstasy/MDMA users. Journal of Psychopharmacology 25:4, pages 465-477.
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Claire E. Nulsen, Allison M. Fox & Geoffrey R. Hammond. (2010) Differential Effects of Ecstasy on Short-Term and Working Memory: A Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychology Review 20:1, pages 21-32.
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John Brown, Elinor McKone & Jeff Ward. (2010) Deficits of long-term memory in ecstasy users are related to cognitive complexity of the task. Psychopharmacology 209:1, pages 51-67.
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V. Raj, HC Liang, ND Woodward, AL Bauernfeind, J. Lee, MS Dietrich, S. Park & RL Cowan. (2009) MDMA (ecstasy) use is associated with reduced BOLD signal change during semantic recognition in abstinent human polydrug users: a preliminary fMRI study. Journal of Psychopharmacology 24:2, pages 187-201.
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Jeroen Heijden. (2009) De langetermijngevolgen van mdma-gebruik op het serotonerge systeem, het werkgeheugen en impulsiviteit. Neuropraxis 13:5, pages 124-132.
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Thelma Schilt, Maarten W.J. Koeter, Maartje M.L. de Win, Janneke R. Zinkstok, Thérèse A. van Amelsvoort, Ben Schmand & Wim van den Brink. (2009) The effect of Ecstasy on memory is moderated by a functional polymorphism in the cathechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. European Neuropsychopharmacology 19:2, pages 116-124.
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G. Bedi & J. Redman. (2008) Ecstasy use and higher-level cognitive functions: weak effects of ecstasy after control for potential confounds. Psychological Medicine 38:9, pages 1319-1330.
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Karen L. Hanson, Monica Luciana & Kristin Sullwold. (2008) Reward-related decision-making deficits and elevated impulsivity among MDMA and other drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 96:1-2, pages 99-110.
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Konstantine K. Zakzanis, Zachariah Campbell & Diana Jovanovski. (2007) The neuropsychology of ecstasy (MDMA) use: a quantitative review. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 22:7, pages 427-435.
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Keith R. Laws & Joy Kokkalis. (2007) Ecstasy (MDMA) and memory function: a meta‐analytic update. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 22:6, pages 381-388.
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Ari D. Kalechstein, Richard De La GarzaIIII, James J. MahoneyIIIIII, William E. Fantegrossi & Thomas F. Newton. (2006) MDMA use and neurocognition: a meta-analytic review. Psychopharmacology 189:4, pages 531-537.
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Boris B. Quednow, Frank Jessen, Kai-Uwe Kühn, Wolfgang Maier, Irene Daum & Michael Wagner. (2005) Memory deficits in abstinent MDMA (ecstasy) users: neuropsychological evidence of frontal dysfunction. Journal of Psychopharmacology 20:3, pages 373-384.
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Brian J. Dew, Kirk W. Elifson & Claire E. Sterk. (2011) Treatment Implications for Young Adult Users of MDMA. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling 26:2, pages 84-98.
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Andy C. Parrott. (2016) MDMA in humans: factors which affect the neuropsychobiological profiles of recreational ecstasy users, the integrative role of bioenergetic stress. Journal of Psychopharmacology 20:2, pages 147-163.
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R. Thomasius, P. Zapletalova, K. Petersen, R. Buchert, B. Andresen, L. Wartberg, B. Nebeling & A. Schmoldt. (2016) Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users: the longitudinal perspective. Journal of Psychopharmacology 20:2, pages 211-225.
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E. Gouzoulis‐Mayfrank & J. Daumann. (2006) Neurotoxicity of methylenedioxyamphetamines (MDMA; ecstasy) in humans: how strong is the evidence for persistent brain damage?. Addiction 101:3, pages 348-361.
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Maartje M.L. De Win, Gerry Jager, Hylke K.E. Vervaeke, Thelma Schilt, Liesbeth Reneman, Jan Booij, Frank C. Verhulst, Gerard J. Den Heeten, Nick F. Ramsey, Dirk J. Korf & Wim Van Den Brink. (2005) The Netherlands XTC Toxicity (NeXT) study: objectives and methods of a study investigating causality, course, and clinical relevance. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 14:4, pages 167-185.
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