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American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal Volume 28, 1967 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Urinary Hippuric Acid Excretion as an Index of Toluene Exposure

Leonard D. Pagnotto Division of Occupational Hygiene, Massachusetts Department of Labor and Industries, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
&
Lionel M. Lieberman M.D. Division of Occupational Hygiene, Massachusetts Department of Labor and Industries, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
Pages 129-134 | Received 18 May 1966, Published online: 27 Dec 2007

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I.F. Mao, M.L. Chen & E.W. Lo. (1996) Simultaneous Determination of Urinary Metabolites of Toluene, Xylene, Styrene and Ethyl Benzene by Solid-Phase Extraction Technique and High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic/Photo Diode Array Detection. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 64:1, pages 1-9.
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Toshihiro Kawamoto, Koji Matsuno, Yasushi Kodama, Kazuhiro Murata & Shinya Matsuda. (1994) ALDH2 Polymorphism and Biological Monitoring of Toluene. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 49:5, pages 332-336.
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. (1990) Notice of Intended Change—Toluene. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 5:10, pages 726-733.
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M. Imbriani, S. Ghittori, G. Pezzagno & E. Capodaglio. (1986) Toluene and Styrene in Urine as Biological Exposure Indices. Applied Industrial Hygiene 1:4, pages 172-176.
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DonaldA. Robinson & AlfredJ. Sorensen. (1980) Exposure to Hazardous Chemical Substances—A Major Campus Environmental Health & Safety Concern. Journal of American College Health Association 29:2, pages 74-77.
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LeonardD. Pagnotto & CharlesB. Killian. (1969) Measurement of Tritiated Organic Compounds in the Presence of Tritiated Water in Urine. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 30:4, pages 407-412.
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Articles from other publishers (50)

Fariborz Omidi, Mohammad Behbahani, Monireh Khadem, Farideh Golbabaei & Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri. (2019) Application of a new sample preparation method based on surfactant-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction coupled with ultrasonic power for easy and fast simultaneous preconcentration of toluene and xylene biomarkers from human urine samples. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 16:6, pages 1131-1138.
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Mohammad Behbahani, Saman Bagheri, Fariborz Omidi & Mostafa Mohammadpour Amini. (2018) An amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (KIT-6) as a sorbent for dispersive and ultrasonication-assisted micro solid phase extraction of hippuric acid and methylhippuric acid, two biomarkers for toluene and xylene exposure. Microchimica Acta 185:11.
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Fariborz Omidi, Mohammad Behbahani, Monireh Khadem, Farideh Golbabaei & Seyed Jamaleddin Shahtaheri. (2018) Application of ultrasonication for facilitating the extraction of hippuric acid and methyl hippuric acid in real samples using Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @sodium dodecyl sulfate: experimental design methodology . Analytical Methods 10:37, pages 4588-4595.
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Stoyanka S. Atanassova & Ivan S. Gutzow. (2013) Hippuric Acid as a Significant Regulator of Supersaturation in Calcium Oxalate Lithiasis: The Physiological Evidence. BioMed Research International 2013, pages 1-7.
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F. Ahmadi, H. Asgharloo, S. Sadeghi, V. Gharehbagh-Aghababa & H. Adibi. (2009) Post-derivatization procedure for determination of hippuric acid after extraction by an automated micro solid phase extraction system and monitoring by gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography B 877:27, pages 2945-2951.
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M Pitarque, A Vaglenov, M Nosko, A Hirvonen, H Norppa, A Creus & R Marcos. (1999) Evaluation of DNA damage by the Comet assay in shoe workers exposed to toluene and other organic solvents. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 441:1, pages 115-127.
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M. Yoshikawa, T. Kawamoto, K. Murata, K. Arashidani, T. Katoh & Y. Kodama. (1995) Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to methyl ethyl ketone in Japanese workers. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 29:1, pages 135-139.
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Hirofumi Inagaki & Masayasu Minami. (1994) An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for hippuric acid: its potential application for biological monitoring of toluene exposure. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 66:2, pages 91-95.
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Osamu Inoue, Kazunori Seiji, Takao Watanabe, Zhen Chen, Mei‐Yuan Huang, Xiao‐Ping Xu, Xin Qiao & Masayuki Ikeda. (2007) Effects of smoking and drinking habits on urinary o ‐cresol excretion after occupational exposure to toluene vapor among chinese workers . American Journal of Industrial Medicine 25:5, pages 697-708.
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Jürgen Angerer & Brigitte Hörsch. (1992) Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites in human blood and urine. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 580:1-2, pages 229-255.
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K. Yamazaki, E. Tanaka & S. Misawa. (1992) Urinary ortho-cresol concentrations as an indicator of toluene inhalation in glue-sniffers. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 32:3, pages 215-223.
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R S Wang & T Nakajima. (1992) Effects of ethanol and phenobarbital treatments on the pharmacokinetics of toluene in rats.. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 49:2, pages 104-112.
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Shi‐Jie Liu, Qing‐Shan Qu, Xiao‐Ping Xu, Yu‐Tang Liu, Song‐Nian Yin, Yasuhiro Takeuchi, Takao Watanabe, Osamu Inoue, Munehiro Yoshida & Masayuki Ikeda. (2007) Toluene vapor exposure and urinary excretion of hippuric acid among workers in China. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 22:3, pages 313-323.
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. (2009) HUMAN SOLVENT EXPOSURE. Pharmacology & Toxicology 68:s1, pages 7-36.
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Hiroyuki Kataoka, Keiko Manabe, Shoko Nakase & Masami Makita. (1991) Determination of hippuric acid and o-, m- and p-methylhippuric acids in urine by capillary gas chromatography. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 9:9, pages 699-704.
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M. Korn, R. Wodarz, K. Drysch & F. W. Schmahl. (2005) Capillary gas chromatographic determination of major and minor metabolites of aromatic solvents in human urine. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 11:4, pages 313-317.
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Awrence K. Low, J. Ralph Meeks & Carl R. Mackerer. (2016) Health Effects of the Alkylbenzenes. I. Toluene. Toxicology and Industrial Health 4:1, pages 49-75.
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Osamu Inoue, Kazunori Seiji, Takao Watanabe, Miyuki Kasahara, Haruo Nakatsuka, Songnian Yin, Guilan Li, Shixiong Cai, Chui Jin & Masayuki Ikeda. (1988) Mutual metabolic suppression between benzene and toluene in man. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 60:1, pages 15-20.
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Michael J. McHugh. (1987) The Abuse of Volatile Substances. Pediatric Clinics of North America 34:2, pages 333-340.
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E. de Rosa, G. B. Bartolucci, M. Sigon, R. Callegaro, L. Perbellini & F. Brugnone. (2007) Hippuric acid and ortho‐cresol as biological indicators of occupational exposure to toluene. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11:5, pages 529-537.
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Osamu Inoue, Kazunori Seiji, Takao Watanabe, Miyuki Kasahara, Haruo Nakatsuka, Songnian Yin, Guilan Li, Shixiong Cai, Chui Jin & Masayuki Ikeda. (1986) Possible ethnic difference in toluene metabolism: A com- parative study among chinese, turkish and japanese sol- vent workers. Toxicology Letters 34:2-3, pages 167-174.
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Masana Ogata & Toyohiro Taguchi. (1986) Quantitative analysis of urinary glycine conjugates by high performance liquid chromatography: excretion of hippuric acid and methylhippuric acids in the urine of subjects exposed to vapours of toluene and xylenes. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 58:2, pages 121-129.
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C. Lacroix, F. Inger, S. Menager & O. Lafont. (1986) Determination simultanée de l'acide hippurique et des acides o-, m-, p-méthylhippuriques urinaires par chromatographie liquide. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 382, pages 275-279.
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Tadashi Sakai, Yukiko Ninuma, Susumu Yanagihara & Koichi Ushio. (1983) Simultaneous determination of hippuric acid and o-, m- and p-methylhippuric acids in urine by high-performance liquid chromatogaphy. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 276, pages 182-188.
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Kenji Hasegawa, Shoji Shiojima, Akio Koizmui & Masayuki Ikeda. (1983) Hippuric acid and o-cresol in the urine of workers exposed to Toluene. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 52:3, pages 197-208.
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Judith M. Hushon & Robert J. Clerman. 1981. Hazard Assessment of Chemicals. Hazard Assessment of Chemicals 323 388 .
D. Szadkowski, A. Borkamp & G. Lehnert. (1980) Hippurs�ureausseheidung im Harn in Abh�ngigkeit von Tagesrhythmik und aliment�ren Einfl�ssenExcretion of hippuric acid depending on circadian rhythm and nutritional effects. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 45:2, pages 141-152.
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A. Astier & A.M. Deutsch. (1980) High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hippuric acid in human urine. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 182:1, pages 88-93.
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K. Goßler, W. Will, K. H. Schaller & E. Schnödt. (1980) Direkte, differentielle Bestimmung von Hippursäure und Methyl-Hippursäure-Isomeren im Urin mit der Hochdruckflüssigkeits-ChromatographieDirect, differential determination of hippuric acid and methyl-hippuric acid isomers in urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 301:1, pages 20-24.
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J. Gartzke & H.J. Weigmann. (1979) A simple thin-layer chromatographic method for the estimation of hippuric acid: comparison with a photometric and a gas chromatographic method. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 162:2, pages 234-236.
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H. Veulemans & R. Masschelein. (1979) Experimental human exposure to toluene. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 43:1, pages 53-62.
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Hisao Matsui, Mayumi Kasao & Susumu Imamura. (1978) High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hippuric acid in human urine. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 145:2, pages 231-236.
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P B Van Roosmalen & I Drummond. (1978) Simultaneous determination by gas chromatography of the major metabolites in urine of toluene, xylenes and styrene.. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 35:1, pages 56-60.
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G. Lehnert, R. D. Ladendorf & D. Szadkowski. (1978) The relevance of the accumulation of organic solvents for the organization of screening tests in occupational medicine. results of toxicological analyses of more than 6000 samples. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 41:2, pages 95-102.
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J R Caperos & J G Fernandez. (1977) Simultaneous determination of toluene and xylene metabolites in urine by gas chromatography.. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 34:3, pages 229-233.
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K Gossler, K.H Schaller & W Zschiesche. (1977) Quantitative bestimmung von hippursäure im urin mit der hochdruck-flüssigkeits-chromatographie. Clinica Chimica Acta 78:1, pages 91-101.
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V. Šedivec & J. Flek. (1976) The absorption, metabolism, and excretion of xylenes in man. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 37:3, pages 205-217.
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J. Angerer. (1976) Chronische l�sungsmittelbelastung am arbeitsplatzOccupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 36:4, pages 287-297.
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F. Brugnone, L. Perbellini, L. Grigolini, A. Cazzadori & E. Gaffuri. (1976) Alveolar air and blood toluene concentration in rotogravure workers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 38:1, pages 45-54.
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K. Engstr�m, K. Husman & J. Rantanen. (1976) Measurement of toluene and xylene metabolites by gas chromatography. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 36:3, pages 153-160.
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J. Angerer, V. Kassebart, D. Szadkowski & G. Lehnert. (1975) Chronische L�sungsmittelbelastung am ArbeitsplatzOccupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. Internationales Archiv f�r Arbeitsmedizin 34:3, pages 199-207.
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Isamu Kaneko, Tsuyoshi Miura, Tatsuro Hirao & Masayuki Ikeda. (1975) Automated colorimetric determination of hippuric acid in human urine. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 35:2, pages 165-172.
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G. van Kerckhoven, V. Blaton, D. Vandamme & H. Peeters. (1974) Thin-layer chromatographic evaluation of methylhippuric and hippuric acids in urine. Journal of Chromatography A 100:1, pages 215-217.
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T. Imamura & M. Ikeda. (1973) Lower fiducial limit of urinary metabolite level as an index of excessive exposure to industrial chemicals. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 30:3, pages 289-292.
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J. P. Buchet & R. R. Lauwerys. (1973) Measurement of urinary hippuric and m-methylhippuric acids by gas chromatography. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 30:2, pages 125-128.
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D. Szadkowski, R. Pett, J. Angerer, A. Manz & G. Lehnert. (1973) Chronische L�sungsmittelbelastung am ArbeitsplatzOccupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. Internationales Archiv f�r Arbeitsmedizin 31:4, pages 265-276.
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P. I. Mikulski, R. Wiglusz, A. Bublewska & J. Uselis. (1972) Investigation of exposure of ships' painters to organic solvents. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 29:4, pages 450-453.
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Masana Ogata, Yoshiko Takatsuka & Tadasuke Kondo. (1971) A simple method for the quantitative determination of urinary hippuric acid excreted after administration of sodium benzoate for use as a liver function test. Gastroenterologia Japonica 6:1, pages 1-7.
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M. Ogata, K. Tomokuni & Y. Takatsuka. (1969) Quantitative determination in urine of hippuric acid and m- or p-methylhippuric acid, metabolites of toluene and m- or p-xylene. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 26:4, pages 330-334.
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M. Ikeda & H. Ohtsuji. (1969) Significance of urinary hippuric acid determination as an index of toluene exposure. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 26:3, pages 244-246.
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