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Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Volume 78, 1984 - Issue 2
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Why are primaquine and other 8-aminoquinolines particularly effective against the mature gametocytes and the hypnozoites of malaria?

D. C. WarhurstMalaria Reference Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street (Gower Street), LondonWC1E 7HT.
Page 165 | Received 07 Oct 1983, Published online: 15 Nov 2016

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L. Donno. (1989) Drug Combinations in the Treatment of Malaria . Journal of Chemotherapy 1:1, pages 52-58.
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Carnevale P, Carnevale N, Toto JC, Foumane V, Martineaud F & Manguin S. (2022) Long-term evolution of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes index during a village scale malaria vector control program comparing durable lining, long-lasting treated net and indoor residual spraying in Angola. MOJ Public Health 11:1, pages 17-26.
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Bharathi Avula, Babu L. Tekwani, Narayan D. Chaurasiya, Pius Fasinu, N. P. Dhammika Nanayakkara, H. M. T. Bhandara Herath, Yan-Hong Wang, Ji-Yeong Bae, Shabana I. Khan, Mahmoud A. Elsohly, James D. McChesney, Peter A. Zimmerman, Ikhlas A. Khan & Larry A. Walker. (2018) Metabolism of primaquine in normal human volunteers: investigation of phase I and phase II metabolites from plasma and urine using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Malaria Journal 17:1.
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Karin Leder & Peter F. Weller. 2015. Manual of Clinical Microbiology . Manual of Clinical Microbiology 2527 2549 .
Karin Leder & Peter F. Weller. 2011. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Manual of Clinical Microbiology 2275 2295 .
Rie Takeuchi, Saranath Lawpoolsri, Mallika Imwong, Jun Kobayashi, Jaranit Kaewkungwal, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Supalap Puangsa-art, Nipon Thanyavanich, Wanchai Maneeboonyang, Nicholas PJ Day & Pratap Singhasivanon. (2010) Directly-observed therapy (DOT) for the radical 14-day primaquine treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria on the Thai-Myanmar border. Malaria Journal 9:1.
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M. Oliver, F. Simon, F. de Monbrison, A.H. Beavogui, B. Pradines, C. Ragot, J.L. Moalic, C. Rapp & S. Picot. (2008) Le nouvel âge de la primaquine contre le paludisme. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 38:4, pages 169-179.
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H. AsschemanL.G. Visser. 2006. Vademecum permanente nascholing huisartsen. Vademecum permanente nascholing huisartsen 1819 1820 .
W Robert J Taylor & Nicholas J White. (2004) Antimalarial Drug Toxicity. Drug Safety 27:1, pages 25-61.
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J. Kevin Baird, D. J. Fryauff & S. L. Hoffman. (2003) Primaquine for Prevention of Malaria in Travelers. Clinical Infectious Diseases 37:12, pages 1659-1667.
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J.Kevin Baird & Karl H. Rieckmann. (2003) Can primaquine therapy for vivax malaria be improved?. Trends in Parasitology 19:3, pages 115-120.
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S. Looareesuwan, P. Wilairatana, R. Glanarongran, K.A. Indravijit, L. Supeeranontha, S. Chinnapha, T.R. Scott & J.D. Chulay. (1999) Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride followed by primaquine for treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Thailand. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 93:6, pages 637-640.
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I. Ittarat, W. Asawamahasakda, M. S. Bartlett, J. W. Smith & S. R. Meshnick. (1995) Effects of atovaquone and other inhibitors on Pneumocystis carinii dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 39:2, pages 325-328.
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F B Cogswell. (1992) The hypnozoite and relapse in primate malaria. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 5:1, pages 26-35.
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D.C. Warhurst. (1987) Primaquine: Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, toxicity and activity. Parasitology Today 3:11, pages 353-355.
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H.V. Scott, K.H. Rieckmann & W.J. O'Sullivan. (1987) Synergistic antimalarial activity of dapsone/dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors and the interaction of antifol, antipyrimidine and antipurine combinations against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81:5, pages 715-721.
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R. E. Howells. (2009) The modes of action of some anti-protozoal drugs. Parasitology 90:4, pages 687-703.
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