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Original Articles

The entrepreneurial ladder and its determinants

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Pages 2183-2191 | Published online: 01 Feb 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (8)

Brigitte Hoogendoorn, Lorraine Uhlaner, Peter van der Zwan & Ute Stephan. (2024) Entrepreneurship, age, and social value creation: A constraint-based individual perspective. Journal of Small Business Management 62:3, pages 1286-1322.
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Anna-Maija Nisula & Heidi Olander. (2023) The role of creativity in knowledge workers’ entrepreneurial intentions: The moderating effect of general self-efficacy. Journal of Small Business Management 61:6, pages 3228-3254.
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Serhiy Lyalkov, Mónica Carmona, Emilio Congregado, Ana Millán & José María Millán. (2020) Trademarks and their association with Kirznerian entrepreneurs. Industry and Innovation 27:1-2, pages 155-183.
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Galina Shirokova, Tatyana Tsukanova & Michael H. Morris. (2018) The Moderating Role of National Culture in the Relationship Between University Entrepreneurship Offerings and Student Start‐Up Activity: An Embeddedness Perspective. Journal of Small Business Management 56:1, pages 103-130.
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Oliver Masakure. (2015) Education and entrepreneurship in Canada: evidence from (repeated) cross-sectional data. Education Economics 23:6, pages 693-712.
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T. Kautonen & M. Minniti. (2014) ‘Fifty is the new thirty’: ageing well and start-up activities. Applied Economics Letters 21:16, pages 1161-1164.
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Peter Van Der Zwan, Ingrid Verheul, Roy Thurik & Isabel Grilo. (2013) Entrepreneurial Progress: Climbing the Entrepreneurial Ladder in Europe and the United States. Regional Studies 47:5, pages 803-825.
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Teemu Kautonen, Marco van Gelderen & Erno T. Tornikoski. (2013) Predicting entrepreneurial behaviour: a test of the theory of planned behaviour. Applied Economics 45:6, pages 697-707.
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Articles from other publishers (67)

Annelot Wismans, Pauline Jansen, Roy Thurik, Peter Prinzie & Ingmar Franken. (2024) Seeking the roots of entrepreneurship: Childhood and adolescence extraversion predict entrepreneurial intention in adults. Applied Psychology.
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Claudia Alvarez, Tatiana Lopez & David Urbano. (2024) Do institutional dimensions matter at different stages of the entrepreneurial process? A multi-country study. Small Business Economics.
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Rebean Al-Silefanee & Niels Bosma. (2024) Uncovering Determinants of Entrepreneurial Behaviour in a Transitioning Economy: A Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The Journal of Entrepreneurship 33:1, pages 34-58.
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Jan Weiss, Tatiana Anisimova, Galina Shirokova & Susanne Durst. (2023) The entrepreneurial gender gap: The role of in-group support and national embeddedness values in young women’s entrepreneurship. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 41:8, pages 843-872.
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Luisa Fernanda Bernat, German Lambardi & Paola Palacios. (2022) Gender differences in the entrepreneurial ladder: evidence for Latin America. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 15:5, pages 1293-1312.
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Melati Nungsari, Denise Ni Shi Wong, Chin Jia Wei, Ngu Kirjane, Chee Shu Yee, Samuel Flanders & Phoon Yong Shian. (2022) Perceptions of Entrepreneurship and Online Learning During the Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy 6:4, pages 665-695.
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Nguyen Xuan Truong & Dang Van My. 2023. Entrepreneurship - New Insights. Entrepreneurship - New Insights.
Maksim Belitski & Nada Rejeb. (2023) The role of institutions and entrepreneurial intentions in national ecosystems of entrepreneurship. Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat Hors Série 2:HS2, pages 27-46.
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Debasish Roy. (2023) An Exploration in Sustainability and Lifespan of Enterprise: A Cross–Country Empirical Study (2011–2020). Journal of the Knowledge Economy.
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Anneli Kaasa & Rico Baldegger. (2022) Entrepreneurship and Culture: What Determines the Differences Within Switzerland?. The Journal of Entrepreneurship 31:3, pages 546-574.
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Miljana Talić & Suzana Stefanović. (2022) Ecosystem of Social Enterprises - A Comparative Review of the Practice of European Countries and the Republic of Serbia. Economic Themes 60:3, pages 369-385.
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Roxana Hatos, Smaranda Cioban, Gyarmati Bea, Anca Dodescu & Adrian Hatos. (2022) Assessing the Impact of Entrepreneurial Education on Entrepreneurial Intentions among Romanian Doctoral Students and Postdoctoral Researchers. Sustainability 14:14, pages 8369.
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Ira Chatterjee, Dean A. Shepherd & Joakim Wincent. (2022) Women's entrepreneurship and well-being at the base of the pyramid. Journal of Business Venturing 37:4, pages 106222.
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Gregory N. Price & Chris W. Surprenant. (2021) The Treatment Effect of Business Education on the Supply of High School Entrepreneurs in Atlanta and New Orleans. The American Economist 67:1, pages 85-98.
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Brahim Gaies, Adnane Maalaoui, Antonio Botti & Antonella Monda. (2022) Investigating Pull-Entrepreneurship: The Effects of Exogenous Factors on Opportunity Perceptions in OECD Countries. Journal of Enterprising Culture 30:01, pages 33-69.
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Elizabeth M. Heyworth-Thomas, Katie Hyslop & Rosalind Jones. 2022. Entrepreneurship and Change. Entrepreneurship and Change 23 42 .
Tatiana Lopez, Claudia Alvarez, Izaias Martins, Juan P. Perez & Juan Pablo Románn-Calderón. (2021) Students' perception of learning from entrepreneurship education programs and entrepreneurial intention in Latin America. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 34:3, pages 419-444.
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M. Sayeed AlamKohinoor BiswasM. M. Sulphey. (2021) A Case Study on the Entrepreneurial Process of Push and Pull Women Entrepreneurs. South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 10:2, pages 207-217.
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Yik Kiu Leung, Ingmar Franken, Roy Thurik, Martijn Driessen, Katsuyuki Kamei, Olivier Torrès & Ingrid Verheul. (2021) Narcissism and entrepreneurship: Evidence from six datasets. Journal of Business Venturing Insights 15, pages e00216.
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Eun-Jeong Ko, Johan Wiklund & Jeffrey M. Pollack. (2020) Entrepreneurial Team Diversity and Productivity: The Role of Family Relationships in Nascent Ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 45:2, pages 386-417.
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Andrew Burke, Serhiy Lyalkov, Ana Millán, José María Millán & André van Stel. (2019) How do country R&D change the allocation of self-employment across different types?. Small Business Economics 56:2, pages 695-721.
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Vasiliki Vamvaka, Chrysostomos Stoforos, Theodosios Palaskas & Charalampos Botsaris. (2020) Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 9:1.
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Rosa M. Muñoz, Yolanda Salinero & M. Valle Fernández. (2020) Sustainability, Entrepreneurship, and Disability: A New Challenge for Universities. Sustainability 12:6, pages 2494.
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Kim Hoe Looi. (2020) Contextual Motivations for Undergraduates’ Entrepreneurial Intentions in Emerging Asian Economies. The Journal of Entrepreneurship 29:1, pages 53-87.
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José Luis IparraguirreJosé Luis Iparraguirre. 2020. Economics and Ageing. Economics and Ageing 397 527 .
Gregory Price. (2019) Entrepreneurs. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 9:1, pages 53-64.
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Ivano Dileo & Thaís García Pereiro. (2018) Assessing the impact of individual and context factors on the entrepreneurial process. A cross-country multilevel approach. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 15:4, pages 1393-1441.
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Jialin Hardwick & Alistair R. Anderson. (2019) Supplier-customer engagement for collaborative innovation using video conferencing: A study of SMEs. Industrial Marketing Management 80, pages 43-57.
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Peter Rosa. 2019. The Family Business Group Phenomenon. The Family Business Group Phenomenon 111 144 .
M. E. Agwu & H. N. Onwuegbuzie. (2018) Effects of international marketing environments on entrepreneurship development. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 7:1.
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Habib Kachlami, Darush Yazdanfar & Peter Öhman. (2017) Regional demand and supply factors of social entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24:3, pages 714-733.
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Asif Yaseen, Simon Somogyi & Kim Bryceson. (2018) Entrepreneurial behaviour formation among Farmers. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 8:1, pages 124-143.
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Abdella Kosa & Idris Mohammed. (2017) Uncovering the backings to passion: why do small firm owners/managers engage in entrepreneurship?. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 6:1.
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Elvin Afandi, Majid Kermani & Fuad Mammadov. (2016) Social capital and entrepreneurial process. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 13:3, pages 685-716.
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Peter van der Zwan & Roy Thurik. 2017. The Wiley Handbook of Entrepreneurship. The Wiley Handbook of Entrepreneurship 25 35 .
Jerzy Cieślik & André van Stel. (2017) Explaining university students’ career path intentions from their current entrepreneurial exposure. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 24:2, pages 313-332.
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Tomasz Mickiewicz, Frederick Wedzerai Nyakudya, Nicholas Theodorakopoulos & Mark Hart. (2016) Resource endowment and opportunity cost effects along the stages of entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics 48:4, pages 953-976.
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Dianne H. B. Welsh, Eugene Kaciak & Caroline Minialai. (2015) The influence of perceived management skills and perceived gender discrimination in launch decisions by women entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 13:1, pages 1-33.
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Michelle Hentic-Giliberto & Robert Paturel. (2017) Nature de l’engagement du créateur et choix du statut de son entreprise. La Revue des Sciences de Gestion 285-286:3, pages 13.
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Diana Traikova. 2017. The Informal Economy in Global Perspective. The Informal Economy in Global Perspective 141 155 .
Peter van der Zwan, Roy Thurik, Ingrid Verheul & Jolanda Hessels. (2016) Factors influencing the entrepreneurial engagement of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs. Eurasian Business Review 6:3, pages 273-295.
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Tommaso Minola, Davide Donina & Michele Meoli. (2016) Students climbing the entrepreneurial ladder: Does university internationalization pay off?. Small Business Economics 47:3, pages 565-587.
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Dominic S.K. Lim, Chang Hoon Oh & Dirk De Clercq. (2016) Engagement in entrepreneurship in emerging economies: Interactive effects of individual-level factors and institutional conditions. International Business Review 25:4, pages 933-945.
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Giovanna Campopiano, Tommaso Minola & Ruggero Sainaghi. (2016) Students climbing the entrepreneurial ladder. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28:6, pages 1115-1136.
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Sara Thorgren, Charlotta Sirén, Carin Nordström & Joakim Wincent. (2016) Hybrid entrepreneurs' second-step choice: The nonlinear relationship between age and intention to enter full-time entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing Insights 5, pages 14-18.
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Charalampos Botsaris & Vasiliki Vamvaka. (2014) Attitude Toward Entrepreneurship: Structure, Prediction from Behavioral Beliefs, and Relation to Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of the Knowledge Economy 7:2, pages 433-460.
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Ewald Kibler & Teemu Kautonen. (2014) The moral legitimacy of entrepreneurs: An analysis of early-stage entrepreneurship across 26 countries. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 34:1, pages 34-50.
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Maryam Cheraghi & Thomas Schøtt. (2015) Education and training benefiting a career as entrepreneur. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 7:3, pages 321-343.
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S. Bernardino & J. Freitas Santos. (2015) Antecedents of a new social venture in Portugal: The influence of education and professional background. Tékhne 13:2, pages 122-134.
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Georgios K. Batsakis. (2014) Impediments on the way to entrepreneurship. Some new evidence from the EU's post-socialist world. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 21:3, pages 385-402.
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José María Millán, Emilio Congregado & Concepción Román. (2014) Persistence in entrepreneurship and its implications for the European entrepreneurial promotion policy. Journal of Policy Modeling 36:1, pages 83-106.
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Paul A. CoomesJose FernandezStephan F. Gohmann. (2013) The Rate of Proprietorship Among Metropolitan Areas: The Impact of the Local Economic Environment and Capital Resources. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 37:4, pages 745-770.
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Jayson Beckman & Irene M. Xiarchos. (2013) Why are Californian farmers adopting more (and larger) renewable energy operations?. Renewable Energy 55, pages 322-330.
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Matthijs J. H. M. van der Loos, Cornelius A. Rietveld, Niina Eklund, Philipp D. Koellinger, Fernando Rivadeneira, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Georgina A. Ankra-Badu, Sebastian E. Baumeister, Daniel J. Benjamin, Reiner Biffar, Stefan Blankenberg, Dorret I. Boomsma, David Cesarini, Francesco Cucca, Eco J. C. de Geus, George Dedoussis, Panos Deloukas, Maria Dimitriou, Guðny Eiriksdottir, Johan Eriksson, Christian Gieger, Vilmundur Gudnason, Birgit Höhne, Rolf Holle, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Aaron Isaacs, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Magnus Johannesson, Marika Kaakinen, Mika Kähönen, Stavroula Kanoni, Maarit A. Laaksonen, Jari Lahti, Lenore J. Launer, Terho Lehtimäki, Marisa Loitfelder, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Silvia Naitza, Ben A. Oostra, Markus Perola, Katja Petrovic, Lydia Quaye, Olli Raitakari, Samuli Ripatti, Paul Scheet, David Schlessinger, Carsten O. Schmidt, Helena Schmidt, Reinhold Schmidt, Andrea Senft, Albert V. Smith, Timothy D. Spector, Ida Surakka, Rauli Svento, Antonio Terracciano, Emmi Tikkanen, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Jorma Viikari, Henry Völzke, H. -Erich Wichmann, Philipp S. Wild, Sara M. Willems, Gonneke Willemsen, Frank J. A. van Rooij, Patrick J. F. Groenen, André G. Uitterlinden, Albert Hofman & A. Roy Thurik. (2013) The Molecular Genetic Architecture of Self-Employment. PLoS ONE 8:4, pages e60542.
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José María Millán, Jolanda Hessels, Roy Thurik & Rafael Aguado. (2011) Determinants of job satisfaction: a European comparison of self-employed and paid employees. Small Business Economics 40:3, pages 651-670.
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Joern H. Block, Lennart Hoogerheide & Roy Thurik. (2011) Education and entrepreneurial choice: An instrumental variables analysis. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 31:1, pages 23-33.
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Concepción Román, Emilio Congregado & José María Millán. (2013) Start-up incentives: Entrepreneurship policy or active labour market programme?. Journal of Business Venturing 28:1, pages 151-175.
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Philipp D. Koellinger & A. Roy Thurik. (2012) Entrepreneurship and the Business Cycle. Review of Economics and Statistics 94:4, pages 1143-1156.
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Peter van der Zwan, Ingrid Verheul & A. Roy Thurik. (2011) The entrepreneurial ladder, gender, and regional development. Small Business Economics 39:3, pages 627-643.
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Teemu Kautonen. (2012) Do Age-Related Social Expectations Influence Entrepreneurial Activity in Later Life?. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 13:3, pages 179-187.
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Ingrid Verheul, Roy Thurik, Isabel Grilo & Peter van der Zwan. (2012) Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality. Journal of Economic Psychology 33:2, pages 325-341.
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Jolanda Hessels, Isabel Grilo, Roy Thurik & Peter van der Zwan. (2010) Entrepreneurial exit and entrepreneurial engagement. Journal of Evolutionary Economics 21:3, pages 447-471.
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Philipp D. Koellinger, Matthijs J. H. M. van der Loos, Patrick J. F. Groenen, A. Roy Thurik, Fernando Rivadeneira, Frank J. A. van Rooij, André G. Uitterlinden & Albert Hofman. (2010) Genome-wide association studies in economics and entrepreneurship research: promises and limitations. Small Business Economics 35:1, pages 1-18.
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Abdallah Haj Brahim, Brahmi Halima & Ibtissem Missaoui. (2019) Venture Creation Decision Models: Cognitive Approach. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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Axel F. A. Adam-Muller, Renn Andres, Jorn H. Block & Christian Fisch. (2014) Socialist Heritage and Image of Entrepreneurs in Europe: Micro-Level Evidence. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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Georgios K. Batsakis. (2012) Impediments on the Way to Entrepreneurship - Some New Evidence from the EU’s Post-Socialist World. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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José María Millán, S. Jolanda A. Hessels, Roy Thurik & Rafael Aguado. (2011) Determinants of Job Satisfaction Across the EU-15: A Comparison of Self-Employed and Paid Employees. SSRN Electronic Journal.
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