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Original Articles

Molluscum Contagiosum

A Review

Pages 432-452 | Received 16 Dec 1969, Accepted 27 Jan 1970, Published online: 01 May 2013

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Robert Koban, Tobias Lam, Franziska Schwarz, Lutz Kloke, Silvio Bürge, Heinz Ellerbrok & Markus Neumann. (2020) Simplified Bioprinting-Based 3D Cell Culture Infection Models for Virus Detection. Viruses 12:11, pages 1298.
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R. Mark L. Buller. 2017. Infectious Diseases. Infectious Diseases 1452 1457.e1 .
Douglas D. Richman, Richard J. Whitley & Frederick J. HaydenStuart N. Isaacs & R. Mark Buller. 2016. Clinical Virology. Clinical Virology 385 413 .
Ashley V. Kondas & Victoria A. Olson. 2016. Clinical Virology Manual. Clinical Virology Manual 457 471 .
Jorge D. Mendez-Rios, Zhilong Yang, Karl J. Erlandson, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Craig A. Martens, Daniel P. Bruno, Stephen F. Porcella & Bernard Moss. (2016) Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Transcriptome in Abortively Infected Cultured Cells and a Human Skin Lesion. Journal of Virology 90:9, pages 4469-4480.
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C. Le Treut, F. Granel‐Brocard, A.‐C. Bursztejn, A. Barbaud, F. Plénat & J.‐L. Schmutz. (2014) Molluscum contagiosum surrounded by a white halo and Sezary syndrome. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 29:9, pages 1837-1839.
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Joanna L. Shisler. 2015. 201 252 .
Subuhi Sherwani, Laura Farleigh, Nidhi Agarwal, Samantha Loveless, Neil Robertson, Eva Hadaschik, Paul Schnitzler & Joachim Jakob Bugert. (2014) Seroprevalence of Molluscum contagiosum Virus in German and UK Populations. PLoS ONE 9:2, pages e88734.
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Kristy Offerman, Olivia Carulei, Tertius A. Gous, Nicola Douglass & Anna-Lise Williamson. (2013) Phylogenetic and histological variation in avipoxviruses isolated in South Africa. Journal of General Virology 94:10, pages 2338-2351.
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Eri Matsuura, Yuichiro Tsunemi & Makoto Kawashima. (2012) Molluscum contagiosum on the lip. The Journal of Dermatology 40:2, pages 137-137.
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Lea Hošnjak, Boštjan J. Kocjan, Blanka Kušar, Katja Seme & Mario Poljak. (2013) Rapid detection and typing of Molluscum contagiosum virus by FRET-based real-time PCR. Journal of Virological Methods 187:2, pages 431-434.
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Jo Ann Woodward. 2013. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 129 148 .
R. Fox, A. Thiemann, D. Everest, F. Steinbach, A. Dastjerdi & C. Finnegan. (2012) Molluscum contagiosum in two donkeys. Veterinary Record 170:25, pages 649-649.
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Andrew L. Moyes & Anthony J. Verachtert. 2011. Cornea. Cornea 415 424 .
Bishr Aldabagh, Micki N Ly, Adam B Hessel & Arif S. Usmani. (2009) Molluscum contagiosum involving an epidermoid cyst with xanthogranuloma‐like reaction in an HIV‐infected patient. Journal of Cutaneous Pathology 37:2, pages 282-286.
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R. Mark & L. Buller. 2010. Infectious Diseases. Infectious Diseases 1577 1582 .
Victoria A. Olson, Russell L. Regnery & Inger K. Damon. 2009. Clinical Virology Manual. Clinical Virology Manual 523 545 .
R. Mark Buller & Frank Fenner. 2009. Clinical Virology. Clinical Virology 385 .
Stefan Mohr, Stéphanie Grandemange, Paola Massimi, Gholamreza Darai, Lawrence Banks, Jean-Claude Martinou, Martin Zeier & Walter Muranyi. (2008) Targeting the Retinoblastoma Protein by MC007L, Gene Product of the Molluscum Contagiosum Virus: Detection of a Novel Virus-Cell Interaction by a Member of the Poxviruses. Journal of Virology 82:21, pages 10625-10633.
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Jason P. Trama, Martin E. Adelson & Eli Mordechai. (2007) Identification and genotyping of molluscum contagiosum virus from genital swab samples by real-time PCR and Pyrosequencing. Journal of Clinical Virology 40:4, pages 325-329.
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JoAnn Woodward. 2006. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 243 266 .
Kenneth D Phillips, Wesley D Dudgeon, Joel Becker & Christopher M Bopp. (2004) Sexually transmitted diseases in men. Nursing Clinics of North America 39:2, pages 357-377.
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R.M. Strauss & R. Sheehan-Dare. (2004) Local molluscum contagiosum infection as a side-effect of pulsed-dye laser treatment. British Journal of Dermatology 150:5, pages 1047-1049.
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Monica Agromayor, Pablo Ortiz, Jose L. Lopez‐Estebaranz, Josefa Gonzalez‐Nicolas, Mariano Esteban & Antonia Martin‐Gallardo. (2001) Molecular epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum virus and analysis of the host‐serum antibody response in Spanish HIV‐negative patients. Journal of Medical Virology 66:2, pages 151-158.
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Nanhai Chen, Troy Baudino, Paul N. MacDonald, Michael Green, William L. Kelley, Joseph W. Burnett & R.Mark L. Buller. (2000) Selective Inhibition of Nuclear Steroid Receptor Function by a Protein from a Human Tumorigenic Poxvirus. Virology 274:1, pages 17-25.
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Tricia J. Brown, Angela Yen-Moore & Stephen K. Tyring. (1999) An overview of sexually transmitted diseases. Part II. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 41:5, pages 661-680.
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Carol H. Thompson. (1999) Molluscum contagiosum: new perspectives on an old virus. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 12:3, pages 185-189.
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Khai Y Choong & Leonard J Roberts. (2002) Molluscum contagiosum, swimming and bathing: A clinical analysis. Australasian Journal of Dermatology 40:2, pages 89-92.
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L.C. Archard, B.A. Soteriou & C.D. Porter. 1999. Encyclopedia of Virology. Encyclopedia of Virology 960 965 .
Carol H. Thompson, Julie A. Yager & Izak B. Van Rensburg. (1998) Close relationship between equine and human molluscum contagiosum virus demonstrated by in situ hybridisation. Research in Veterinary Science 64:2, pages 157-161.
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Joachim J. Bugert, Claudia Lohmüller, Inger Damon, Bernard Moss & Gholamreza Darai. (1998) Chemokine Homolog of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus: Sequence Conservation and Expression. Virology 242:1, pages 51-59.
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Carol H. Thompson. (1997) Identification and typing of molluscum contagiosum virus in clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Medical Virology 53:3, pages 205-211.
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Tatiana G. Senkevich, Eugene V. Koonin, Joachim J. Bugert, Gholamreza Darai & Bernard Moss. (1997) The Genome of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus: Analysis and Comparison with Other Poxviruses. Virology 233:1, pages 19-42.
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J. J. Bugert & G. Darai. 1997. Viral Zoonoses and Food of Animal Origin. Viral Zoonoses and Food of Animal Origin 35 47 .
Antonio Nuñez, Juan M. Funes, Monica Agromayor, Marta Moratilla, Antonio Jesus Varas, Jose L. Lopez-Estebaranz, Mariano Esteban & Antonia Martin-Gallardo. (1996) Detection and typing of molluscum contagiosum virus in skin lesions by using a simple lysis method and polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Medical Virology 50:4, pages 342-349.
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Annette Wagner. (1996) Lumps and bumps in childhood. Current Problems in Dermatology 8:4, pages 137-188.
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Geza T. Terezhalmy & Gregory D. Naylor. (1996) ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SELECTED SEXUALLY RELATED CONDITIONS. Dermatologic Clinics 14:2, pages 303-317.
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Kai-Christian Sonntag & Gholamreza Darai. (1996) Strategy for identifying the gene encoding the DNA polymerase of molluscum contagiosum virus type 1. Virus Genes 13:1, pages 31-44.
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Antonia Martin-Gallardo, Marta Moratilla, Juan M. Funes, Monica Agromayor, Antonio Nuñez, Antonio J. Varas, Manuel Collado, Alfonso Valencia, Jose L. Lopez-Estebaranz & Mariano Esteban. (1996) Sequence analysis of aMolluscum contagiosum virus DNA region which includes the gene encoding protein kinase 2 and other genes with unique organization. Virus Genes 13:1, pages 19-29.
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J. Nakamura, Y. Muraki, M. Yamada, Y. Hatano & S. Nii. (2005) Analysis of molluscum contagiosum virus genomes isolated in Japan. Journal of Medical Virology 46:4, pages 339-348.
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Giuseppe Ficarra, Sandra Corte´s, Ida Rubino & Paolo Romagnoli. (1994) Facial and perioral molluscum contagiosum in patients with HIV infection. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 78:5, pages 621-626.
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SCOTT L. GOTTLIEB & PATRICIA L. MYSKOWSKI. (2007) MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM. International Journal of Dermatology 33:7, pages 453-461.
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Ran Goshen & Bernard Gonik. 1994. Viral Diseases in Pregnancy. Viral Diseases in Pregnancy 248 252 .
Joseph Konya, Carol H. Thompson & Rita T. De Zwart-Steffe. (1992) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of IgG antibody to Molluscum contagiosum virus and investigation of the serological relationship of the molecular types. Journal of Virological Methods 40:2, pages 183-194.
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Joseph J. Schwartz & Patricia L. Myskowski. (1992) Molluscum contagiosum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27:4, pages 583-588.
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C. D. Porter & L. C. Archard. (2005) Characterisation by restriction mapping of three subtypes of Molluscum contagiosum virus . Journal of Medical Virology 38:1, pages 1-6.
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G. Ficarra & E.J. Shillitoe. (2016) HIV-Related Infections of the Oral Cavity. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 3:3, pages 207-231.
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Carol H Thompson, Rita T de Zwart-Steffe & Basil Donovan. (2016) Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Molluscum Contagiosum Infection in HIV-1 Positive Patients. International Journal of STD & AIDS 3:2, pages 101-106.
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Miriam A. Smith & Carol Singer. (1992) SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED VIRUSES OTHER THAN HIV AND PAPILLOMAVIRUS. Urologic Clinics of North America 19:1, pages 47-62.
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Bagher Forghani, Lyndon S. Oshiro, Cynthia S. Chan, Jerry W. Hurst, Juanita Dennis, Gholamreza Darai, Ann L. Warford & Richard M. Cohen. (1992) Direct detection of Molluscum contagiosum virus in clinical specimens by in situ hybridization using biotinylated probe. Molecular and Cellular Probes 6:1, pages 67-77.
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L.R. Eversole. (1992) Viral infections of the head and neck among HIV-seropositive patients. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 73:2, pages 155-163.
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Colin D. Porter, Neil W. Blake, Jeffrey J. Cream & Leonard C. Archard. 1992. Molecular and Cell Biology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Molecular and Cell Biology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases 233 257 .
J W HurstB ForghaniC S ChanL OshiroG Darai. (1991) Direct detection of molluscum contagiosum virus in clinical specimens by dot blot hybridization. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29:9, pages 1959-1962.
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N W BlakeC D PorterL C Archard. (1991) Characterization of a molluscum contagiosum virus homolog of the vaccinia virus p37K major envelope antigen. Journal of Virology 65:7, pages 3583-3589.
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R M BullerG J Palumbo. (1991) Poxvirus pathogenesis. Microbiological Reviews 55:1, pages 80-122.
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J. J. Bugert & G. Darai. (2005) Stability of molluscum contagiosum virus DNA among 184 patient isolates: Evidence for variability of sequences in the terminal inverted repeats. Journal of Medical Virology 33:3, pages 211-217.
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Stephan A. Billstein & Vincent J. MattalianoJrJr. (1990) The “Nuisance” Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Molluscum Contagiosum, Scabies, and Crab Lice. Medical Clinics of North America 74:6, pages 1487-1505.
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Carol H. Thompson, Rita T. De Zwart‐Steffe & Ian M. Biggs. (2005) Molecular epidemiology of Australian isolates of molluscum contagiosum. Journal of Medical Virology 32:1, pages 1-9.
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Kazumasa Sugihara, Peter A. Reichart & Hans R. Gelderblom. (2006) Molluscum contagiosum associated with AIDS: a case report with ultrastructural study. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 19:5, pages 235-239.
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J. Scholz, A. Rösen-Wolff, J. Bugert, H. Reisner, M. I. White, G. Darai & R. Postlethwaite. (1989) Epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum using genetic analysis of the viral DNA. Journal of Medical Virology 27:2, pages 87-90.
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M. A. Stanley & J. D. Oriel. 1988. Immunology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Immunology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases 209 221 .
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G. Darai, H. Reisner, J. Scholz, P. Schnitzler & H. Lorbacher de Ruiz. (2005) Analysis of the genome of molluscum contagiosum virus by restriction endonuclease analysis and molecular cloning. Journal of Medical Virology 18:1, pages 29-39.
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John A. Svirsky, Danny R. Sawyer & Dennis G. Page. (2007) Molluscum Contagiosum of the Lower Lip. International Journal of Dermatology 24:10, pages 668-669.
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Robert R. Redfield, William D. James, D. Craig Wright, Charles Brown, Syed Zaki Salahuddin, Phillip D. Markham, M.G. Sarngadharan, Thomas F. Folks & RobertC. Gallo. (1985) Severe molluscum contagiosum infection in a patient with human T cell lymphotrophic (HTLV-III) disease. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 13:5, pages 821-824.
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Joseph P. Brown, Daniel R. Twardzik, Hans Marquardt & George J. Todaro. (1985) Vaccinia virus encodes a polypeptide homologous to epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor. Nature 313:6002, pages 491-492.
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John A. Svirsky, Danny R. Sawyer & Dennis G. Page. (1985) Molluscum Contagiosum of the Lower Lip. International Journal of Dermatology 24:1, pages 668-669.
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A. F. Singleton. 1985. Uncommon Infections and Special Topics. Uncommon Infections and Special Topics 117 130 .
George Laskaris & Alexandra Sklavounou. (1984) Molluscum contagiosum of the oral mucosa. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 58:6, pages 688-691.
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A. Wills, A.M. Delange, C. Gregson, C. Macaulay & G. Mcfadden. (1983) Physical characterization and molecular cloning of the Shope fibroma virus DNA genome. Virology 130:2, pages 403-414.
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Curtis Margo & Norman N K Katz. (1983) Management of Periocular Molluscum Contagiosum in Children. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus 20:1, pages 19-21.
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Yehudi M. Felman & James A. Nikitas. (1983) Sexually Transmitted Molluscum Contaglosum. Dermatologic Clinics 1:1, pages 103-110.
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Hiroshi Oda, Yoshino Ohyama, Toshihisa Sameshima & Kohsuke Hirakawa. (2005) Structural polypeptides of molluscum contagiosum virus: their variability in various isolates and location within the virion. Journal of Medical Virology 9:1, pages 19-25.
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Grant McFadden, William E. Pace, Jack Purres & Samuel Dales. (1979) Biogenesis of poxviruses: Transitory expression of Molluscum contagiosum early functions. Virology 94:2, pages 297-313.
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