Advanced search
Publication Cover
Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal Volume 22, 1971 - Issue 1
Journal homepage
30
Views
79
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Evidence of Safety of Long-Term, High, Oral Doses of DDT for Man

Wayland J. Hayes Jr. MD, PhD US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Toxicology Section, Technology Branch, National Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, Atlanta, USA; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn, USA
,
William E. Dale US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Toxicology Section, Technology Branch, National Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, Atlanta, USA; National Communicable Disease Center, Savannah, Ga, USA
&
Carl I. Pirkle MD US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Toxicology Section, Technology Branch, National Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, Atlanta, USA
Pages 119-135 | Received 06 Aug 1970, Accepted 22 Aug 1970, Published online: 29 Apr 2013

Citations (79)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (9)

W. Siriwong, K. Thirakhupt, D. Sitticharoenchai, J. Rohitrattana, P. Thongkongowm, M. Borjan & M. Robson. (2008) A Preliminary Human Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues Associated with Aquatic Organisms from the Rangsit Agricultural Area, Central Thailand. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 14:5, pages 1086-1097.
Read now
AmrS. Soliman, Mary Ann Smith, SharonP. Cooper, Kadry Ismail, Hussein Khaled, Sohair Ismail, R. Sue McPherson, IbrahimA. Seifeldin & MelissaL. Bondy. (1997) Serum Organochlorine Pesticide Levels in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Egypt. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 52:6, pages 409-415.
Read now
FrancescoS. Violante, Piero Gennari, GiovanniB. Raffi, Efrem Coltelli, David Lev, Giovanni Minak$suffix/text()$suffix/text() & Sauro Tiraferri. (1986) Study of DDT Blood Level in a Group of Workers Exposed to Pesticides. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 41:2, pages 117-119.
Read now
Douglas Kornbrust, Beth Gillis, Brad Collins, Thomas Goehl, Bhola Gupta & Bernard Schwetz. (1986) Effects of 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐BIS[p‐chlorophenyl]ethylene (DDE) on lactation in rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 17:1, pages 23-36.
Read now
Renate D. Kimbrough. (1982) Disposition and Body Burdens of Halogenated Aromatic Compounds: Possible Association with Health Effects in Humans. Drug Metabolism Reviews 13:3, pages 485-497.
Read now
M.K. J. Siddiqui, M.C. Saxena & C.R. Krishna Murti. (1981) Storage of DDT and BHC in Adipose Tissue of Indian Males. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 10:3-4, pages 197-204.
Read now
JohnH. Johnson, EmilioE. Sturino & Sidney Bourne. (1976) An automated gas chromatographic system for pesticide residue analysis. Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering 11:2, pages 165-178.
Read now
Hafeez Ahmad Mughal & M. Ataur Rahman. (1973) Organochlorine Pesticide Content of Human Adipose Tissue in Karachi. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 27:6, pages 396-398.
Read now
Edward R. Laws$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Willis C. Maddrey, August Curley & Virlyn W. Burse. (1973) Long-Term Occupational Exposure to DDT. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 27:5, pages 318-321.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (70)

Lisa Chedik, Dominique Mias-Lucquin, Arnaud Bruyere & Olivier Fardel. (2017) In Silico Prediction for Intestinal Absorption and Brain Penetration of Chemical Pesticides in Humans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14:7, pages 708.
Crossref
Sobia Khwaja, Rubina Mushtaq, Rehana Mushtaq, Masarrat Yousuf, Muhammad Attaullah, Fozia Tabbassum & Rabiya Faiz. (2013) Monitoring of biochemical effects of organochlorine pesticides on human health. Health 05:08, pages 1342-1350.
Crossref
James S. Bus & A. Philip Leber. 2003. Patty's Toxicology. Patty's Toxicology 429 469 .
Christopher R. Kirman, Lesa L. Aylward, Sean M. Hays, Kannan Krishnan & Andy Nong. (2011) Biomonitoring Equivalents for DDT/DDE. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 60:2, pages 172-180.
Crossref
Andrew G. Smith. 2010. Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology 1975 2032 .
Wayland J. HayesJr.Jr., James Bruckner & John Doull. 2010. Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology 1255 1293 .
Karl K. Rozman, John Doull & Wayland J. HayesJr.Jr.. 2010. Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology 3 101 .
Zhenshan Chen, Francois Maartens, Helen Vega, Simon Kunene, Jonathan Gumede & Robert I. Krieger. (2009) 2,2-bis(4-Chlorophenyl)Acetic Acid (DDA), a Water-Soluble Urine Biomarker of DDT Metabolism in Humans. International Journal of Toxicology 28:6, pages 528-533.
Crossref
James S. Bus Ph.D & A. Philip Leber Ph.D. 2001. Patty's Toxicology. Patty's Toxicology.
James S. Bus Ph.D & A. Philip Leber Ph.D. 2003. Patty's Toxicology. Patty's Toxicology.
Andrew G. Smith. 2001. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology 1305 1355 .
Karl K. Rozman, John Doull & Wayland J. HayesJr.Jr.. 2001. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology 1 93 .
Bor-Cheng Han, Woei-Lih Jeng, Tsu-Chang Hung, Yong-Chien Ling, Ming-Jer Shieh & Ling-Chu Chien. (2000) Estimation of metal and organochlorine pesticide exposures and potential health threat by consumption of oysters in Taiwan. Environmental Pollution 109:1, pages 147-156.
Crossref
A.A. Elsirafy, A.A. Ghanem, A.E. Eid & S.A. Eldakroory. (2000) Chronological study of diazinon in putrefied viscera of rats using GC/MS, GC/EC and TLC. Forensic Science International 109:2, pages 147-157.
Crossref
M. Maroni, C. Colosio, A. Ferioli & A. Fait. (2000) Introduction. Toxicology 143:1, pages 5-118.
Crossref
I. Gerhard & B. Runnebaum. 1997. Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine. Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine 787 824 .
Koenraad Mariën & Denise M. Laflamme. (2006) Determination of a Tolerable Daily Intake of DDT for Consumers of DDT Contaminated Fish from the Lower Yakima River, Washington*. Risk Analysis 15:6, pages 709-717.
Crossref
Donna L. Houghton & Leonard Ritter. (2016) Organochlorine Residues and Risk of Breast Cancer. Journal of the American College of Toxicology 14:2, pages 71-89.
Crossref
P.M. Quinsey, D.C. Donohue & J.T. Ahokas. (1995) Persistence of organochlorines in breast milk of women in Victoria, Australia. Food and Chemical Toxicology 33:1, pages 49-56.
Crossref
Benno Runnebaum & Thomas RabeI. Gerhard & B. Runnebaum. 1994. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Fortpflanzungsmedizin. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Fortpflanzungsmedizin 209 251 .
Femi Adeshina & Elizabeth L. Todd. (1991) Application of biological data in cancer risk estimations of chlordane and heptachlor. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 14:1, pages 59-77.
Crossref
A. M. Attia, M. H. Mostafa, S. A. Soliman, A. H. El-Sebae, K. O. Nonaka, B. Withyachumnarnkul & R. J. Reiter. (1990) The organochlorine insecticide 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) but not 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) augments the nocturnal increase in pineal N-acetyltransferase activity and pineal and serum melatonin levels. Neurochemical Research 15:7, pages 673-680.
Crossref
Curtis C. Travis, Holly A. Hattemer-Frey & Angela D. Arms. (1988) Relationship between dietary intake of organic chemicals and their concentrations in human adipose tissue and breast milk. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17:4, pages 473-478.
Crossref
Harald Geyer, Irene Scheunert & Friedhelm Korte. (1986) Bioconcentration potential of organic environmental chemicals in humans. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 6:4, pages 313-347.
Crossref
W J Rogan, B C Gladen, J D McKinney, N Carreras, P Hardy, J Thullen, J Tingelstad & M Tully. (1986) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) in human milk: effects of maternal factors and previous lactation.. American Journal of Public Health 76:2, pages 172-177.
Crossref
Frederick Coulston. (1985) Reconsideration of the dilemma of DDT for the establishment of an acceptable daily intake. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 5:4, pages 332-383.
Crossref
B. Bush, J. Snow, S. Connor & R. Koblintz. (1985) Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs),p,p?-DDE and hexachlorobenzene in human milk in three areas of upstate New York. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 14:4, pages 443-450.
Crossref
Fumio MatsumuraFumio Matsumura. 1985. Toxicology of Insecticides. Toxicology of Insecticides 489 576 .
J H Weisburger & G M Williams. (1983) The distinct health risk analyses required for genotoxic carcinogens and promoting agents.. Environmental Health Perspectives 50, pages 233-245.
Crossref
Max Spindler. 1983. Residue Reviews. Residue Reviews 1 34 .
B.S. Kaphalia & T.D. Seth. (1982) Organochlorine pesticide contamination in some species of fodder grasses. Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical 3:3, pages 231-237.
Crossref
Glyn G. Caldwell, Shanklin B. Cannon, Charles B. Pratt & Robert D. Arthur. (1981) Serum pesticide levels in patients with chiLDHOOD COLORECTAL CARCINOMA. Cancer 48:3, pages 774-778.
Crossref
M. K. J. Siddiqui, M. C. Saxena, U. K. Mishra, C. R. Krishna Murti & D. Nag. (1981) Long-term occupational exposure to DDT. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 48:3, pages 301-308.
Crossref
. 1981. Criteria (Dose/Effect Relationships) for Organochlorine Pesticides. Criteria (Dose/Effect Relationships) for Organochlorine Pesticides 259 325 .
J.-C. Dillon, G.B. Martin & H.T. O'Brien. (1981) Pesticide residues in human milk. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 19, pages 437-442.
Crossref
Walter J. Rogan, Anna Bagniewska & Terri Damstra. (1980) Pollutants in Breast Milk. New England Journal of Medicine 302:26, pages 1450-1453.
Crossref
A. David & E.J. Fairchild. 1980. Field Worker Exposure During Pesticide Application, Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop of the Scientific Committee on Pesticides of the International Association on Occupational Health, The Hague. Field Worker Exposure During Pesticide Application, Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop of the Scientific Committee on Pesticides of the International Association on Occupational Health, The Hague 3 15 .
Fumio Matsumura & Burra V. Madhukar. (1980) Exposure to insecticides. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 9:1, pages 27-49.
Crossref
G. Planche, A. Croisy, C. Malaveille, L. Tomatis & H. Bartsch. (1979) Metabolic and mutagenicity studies on DDT and 15 derivatives. Detection of 1.1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane and 1.1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl acetate (kelthane acetate) as mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium and of 1.1-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene oxide, a likely metabolite, as an alkylating agent. Chemico-Biological Interactions 25:2-3, pages 157-175.
Crossref
WILLIAM B. DEICHMANN & W.E. MACDONALD. 1979. Toxicology and Occupational Medicine. Toxicology and Occupational Medicine 147 173 .
Marit de Campos & A. E. Olszyna-Marzys. (1979) Contamination of human milk with chlorinated pesticides in Guatemala and in El Salvador. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 8:1, pages 43-58.
Crossref
L. Backman & B. Kolmodin-Hedman. (1978) Concentration of DDT and DDE in plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue before and after intestinal bypass operation for treatment of obesity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 46:3, pages 663-669.
Crossref
T. Yakushiji, I. Watanabe, K. Kuwabara, S. Yoshida, K. Koyama, I. Hara & N. Kunita. (1978) Long-term studies of the excretion of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) through the mother's milk of an occupationally exposed worker. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 7:1, pages 493-504.
Crossref
R D Kimbrough, V W Burse & J A Liddle. (1978) Persistent liver lesions in rats after a single oral dose of polybrominated biphenyls (firemaster FF-1) and concomitant PBB tissue levels.. Environmental Health Perspectives 23, pages 265-273.
Crossref
S.E. Hashemy-Tonkabony & M.J. Soleimani-Amiri. (1978) Chlorinated pesticide residues in the body fat of people in Iran. Environmental Research 16:1-3, pages 419-422.
Crossref
Michael P. Dieter, Matthew C. Perry & Bernard M. Mulhern. (1977) Lead and PCB's in canvasback ducks: Relationship between enzyme levels and residues in blood. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 5:1, pages 1-13.
Crossref
H.G.S. Van Raalte. (1977) Human experience with dieldrin in perspective. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 1:2, pages 203-210.
Crossref
William B. Deichmann & W.E. MacDonald. (1977) Organochlorine pesticides and liver cancer deaths in the United States, 1930–1972. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 1:1, pages 89-110.
Crossref
Barbara E. Echols & Jay M. Arena. (1977) Food Additives and Pesticides in Foods. Pediatric Clinics of North America 24:1, pages 175-188.
Crossref
Margaret E. Wallace, P. Knights & A.O. Dye. (1976) Pilot study of the mutagenicity of DDT in mice. Environmental Pollution (1970) 11:3, pages 217-222.
Crossref
DANIEL S. GROSCH. 1976. 1 28 .
Arthur Bevenue. 1976. Residue Reviews. Residue Reviews 37 112 .
Fumio Matsumura. 1975. Toxicology of Insecticides. Toxicology of Insecticides 403 480 .
F. Moriarty. 1974. Environmental Quality and Safety. Environmental Quality and Safety 104 112 .
DONALD P. MORGAN & C.C. ROAN. 1974. 39 97 .
Thomas H. Jukes. (1974) Insecticides in health, agriculture and the environment. Die Naturwissenschaften 61:1, pages 6-16.
Crossref
K. L. Davison. (1973) Dieldrin-14C balance in rats, sheep and chickens. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 10:1, pages 16-24.
Crossref
Kingsley Kay. (1973) Toxicology of pesticides: Recent advances. Environmental Research 6:2, pages 202-243.
Crossref
B. Terracini, Maria Cristina Testa, J. R. Cabral & N. Day. (2006) The effects of long‐term feeding of DDT to BALB/c mice. International Journal of Cancer 11:3, pages 747-764.
Crossref
Pauline K. Marstrand & T.C. Sinclair. (1973) 7. The pollution sub-system. Futures 5:1, pages 80-89.
Crossref
J. Robinson. 1973. Environmental Pollution by Pesticides. Environmental Pollution by Pesticides 459 493 .
Wendell W. Kilgore & Ming-yu Li. 1973. Residue Reviews. Residue Reviews 141 161 .
D. P. MORGAN & C. C. ROAN. (1972) Loss of DDT from Storage in Human Body Fat. Nature 238:5361, pages 221-223.
Crossref
H. E. Stokinger. (1972) Head-Loss Theories Infiltration. Journal - American Water Works Association 64:4, pages 262-265.
Crossref
R. Schmidt & W. Dedek. (1972) Transport, verteilung und Metabolismus von3H-und14C-markiertem DDT in graviden mäusen unter hungerbelastung. Experientia 28:1, pages 56-57.
Crossref
William B. Deichmann. (1972) The debate on DDT. Archiv f�r Toxikologie 29:1, pages 1-27.
Crossref
Keynote Paper. 1972. The Environmental Future. The Environmental Future 291 331 .
H. E. Stokinger. (1971) Sanity in Research and Evaluation of Environmental Health. Science 174:4010, pages 662-665.
Crossref
Lorenzo TomatisVladimir TurusovBenedetto TerraciniNicholas DayWilliam F. BarthelReginald T. CharlesGeorge B. Collins & Mauro Boiocchi. (2018) Storage Levels of Ddt Metabolites in Mouse Tissues following Long Term Exposure to Technical DDT. Tumori Journal 57:6, pages 377-396.
Crossref
William F. Durham. (1971) Significance of Pesticide Residues to Human Health. Journal of Dairy Science 54:5, pages 701-706.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.