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Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal Volume 50, 1995 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Trihalomethane Concentrations in Swimmers' and Bath Attendants' Blood and Urine after Swimming or Working in Indoor Swimming Pools

Karl Cammann University of Münster, Münster, Germany
&
Karl Hübner University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Pages 61-65 | Accepted 03 Feb 1994, Published online: 03 Aug 2010

Citations (40)

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ChristopherS.A. Sá, RuiA.R. Boaventura & IsabelB. Pereira. (2011) Analysis of trihalomethanes in water and air from indoor swimming pools using HS-SPME/GC/ECD. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 46:4, pages 355-363.
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Katarzyna Kozłowska, Żaneta Polkowska & Jacek Namieśnik. (2006) Effect of treated swimming pool water on the levels of trihalomethanes in swimmer's urine. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 88:2, pages 259-272.
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JamesD. Blando & Perry Cohn. (2004) Exposure and Health Risk from Swimming in Outdoor Pools Contaminated by Trichloroethylene. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 10:4, pages 717-731.
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HelenL. Kelsall & MalcolmR. Sim. (2001) Skin irritation in users of brominated pools. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 11:1, pages 29-40.
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Articles from other publishers (36)

Di Zhang, Caley B. Craven, Qiming Shen, Wenhai Chu & Xing-Fang Li. (2023) Swimming pool disinfection byproducts: Analytical characterization of precursors, formation and occurrence, health risks, and future needs. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 169, pages 117385.
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Oskar Ragnebro, Kristin Helmersmo, Louise Fornander, Raymond Olsen, Ing-Liss Bryngelsson, Pål Graff & Jessica Westerlund. (2023) Chloroform exposure in air and water in Swedish indoor swimming pools—urine as a biomarker of occupational exposure. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 67:7, pages 876-885.
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Li Yang, Limei Chen, Yamei Hao, Run Zhou, Jingying Zhu, Xun Zhu, Qianqian Wang, Xiuzhu Li, Xinliang Ding & Yanhua Qian. (2023) Urinary trihalomethane concentrations and liver function indicators: a cross-sectional study in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30:14, pages 39724-39732.
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Siya Liu, Ke Feng, Shiyu An, Jingfan Qiu, Qing Zhou & Yang Yang. (2022) 2,4,6-triiodophenol exhibits embryotoxicity to pre-implantation mouse embryos in an in vitro exposure model. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 241, pages 113745.
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Joonas Ruokolainen, Marko Hyttinen, Jouni Sorvari & Pertti Pasanen. (2021) Exposure of cleaning workers to chemical agents and physical conditions in swimming pools and spas. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 15:3, pages 521-540.
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Yujie Liu, Dicong Zhu, Zhihua Zhao, Qing Zhou, Yang Pan, Wei Shi, Jingfan Qiu & Yang Yang. (2021) Comparative cytotoxicity studies of halophenolic disinfection byproducts using human extended pluripotent stem cells. Chemosphere 263, pages 127899.
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Richard Brans. 2020. Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology. Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology 1733 1741 .
Linyan Yang, Xueming Chen, Qianhong She, Guomin Cao, Yongdi Liu, Victor W.-C. Chang & Chuyang Y. Tang. (2018) Regulation, formation, exposure, and treatment of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in swimming pool waters: A critical review. Environment International 121, pages 1039-1057.
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Stephanie Gängler, Konstantinos C Makris, Walid Bouhamra & Douglas W Dockery. (2017) Coupling external with internal exposure metrics of trihalomethanes in young females from Kuwait and Cyprus. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 28:2, pages 140-146.
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. 2018. Emerging Pollutants. Emerging Pollutants 423 451 .
Pantelis Charisiadis & Konstantinos C. Makris. (2018) Cohort-friendly protocol for a sensitive and fast method for trihalomethanes in urine using gas chromatography—Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B 1072, pages 336-340.
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Rhys A.A. Carter & Cynthia A. Joll. (2017) Occurrence and formation of disinfection by-products in the swimming pool environment: A critical review. Journal of Environmental Sciences 58, pages 19-50.
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Richard Brans. 2017. Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology. Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology 1 12 .
Esther Marco, Carolina Lourencetti, Joan O. Grimalt, Mercè Gari, Pilar Fernández, Laia Font-Ribera, Cristina M. Villanueva & Manolis Kogevinas. (2015) Influence of physical activity in the intake of trihalomethanes in indoor swimming pools. Environmental Research 140, pages 292-299.
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Tiffany L.L. Teo, Heather M. Coleman & Stuart J. Khan. (2015) Chemical contaminants in swimming pools: Occurrence, implications and control. Environment International 76, pages 16-31.
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Xanthi D. Andrianou, Pantelis Charisiadis, Syam S. Andra & Konstantinos C. Makris. (2014) Spatial and seasonal variability of urinary trihalomethanes concentrations in urban settings. Environmental Research 135, pages 289-295.
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Syam S. Andra, Pantelis Charisiadis & Konstantinos C. Makris. (2014) Obesity-mediated association between exposure to brominated trihalomethanes and type II diabetes mellitus: An exploratory analysis. Science of The Total Environment 485-486, pages 340-347.
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Pantelis Charisiadis & Konstantinos C. Makris. (2014) A sensitive and fast method for trihalomethanes in urine using gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B 947-948, pages 17-22.
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Sabrina Simard, Robert Tardif & Manuel J. Rodriguez. (2013) Variability of chlorination by-product occurrence in water of indoor and outdoor swimming pools. Water Research 47:5, pages 1763-1772.
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Lalith K Silva, Lorraine C Backer, David L Ashley, Sydney M Gordon, Marielle C Brinkman, John R Nuckols, Charles R Wilkes & Benjamin C Blount. (2012) The influence of physicochemical properties on the internal dose of trihalomethanes in humans following a controlled showering exposure. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 23:1, pages 39-45.
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Carolina Lourencetti, Joan O. Grimalt, Esther Marco, Pilar Fernandez, Laia Font-Ribera, Cristina M. Villanueva & Manolis Kogevinas. (2012) Trihalomethanes in chlorine and bromine disinfected swimming pools: Air-water distributions and human exposure. Environment International 45, pages 59-67.
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Cyril Catto, Simard Sabrina, Charest-Tardif Ginette, Rodriguez Manuel & Tardif Robert. (2012) Occurrence and Spatial and Temporal Variations of Disinfection By-Products in the Water and Air of Two Indoor Swimming Pools. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9:8, pages 2562-2586.
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Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, J. Michael Wright, Benjamin C. Blount, Lalith K. Silva, Elizabeth Jones, Ronna L. Chan, Rex A. Pegram, Philip C. Singer & David A. Savitz. (2012) Comparison of Trihalomethanes in Tap Water and Blood: A Case Study in the United States. Environmental Health Perspectives 120:5, pages 661-667.
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Richard Brans. 2012. Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology. Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology 1283 1288 .
Roberta Dyck, Rehan Sadiq, Manuel J. Rodriguez, Sabrina Simard & Robert Tardif. (2011) Trihalomethane exposures in indoor swimming pools: A level III fugacity model. Water Research 45:16, pages 5084-5098.
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Ming-Jen Chen, Ching-Ho Lin, Jing-Min Duh, Wen-Shiuan Chou & Hui-Tsung Hsu. (2011) Development of a multi-pathway probabilistic health risk assessment model for swimmers exposed to chloroform in indoor swimming pools. Journal of Hazardous Materials 185:2-3, pages 1037-1044.
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J. Caro, A. Serrano & M. Gallego. (2007) Sensitive headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination of trihalomethanes in urine. Journal of Chromatography B 848:2, pages 277-282.
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Delphine Cassan, Béatrice Mercier, Françoise Castex & André Rambaud. (2006) Effects of medium-pressure UV lamps radiation on water quality in a chlorinated indoor swimming pool. Chemosphere 62:9, pages 1507-1513.
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Żaneta Polkowska, Katarzyna Kozłowska, Zofia Mazerska, Tadeusz Górecki & Jacek Namieśnik. (2006) Volatile organohalogen compounds in human urine: The effect of environmental exposure. Chemosphere 62:4, pages 626-640.
Crossref
Żaneta Polkowska, Katarzyna Kozłowska, Zofia Mazerska, Tadeusz Górecki & Jacek Namieśnik. (2003) Relationship between volatile organohalogen compounds in drinking water and human urine in Poland. Chemosphere 53:8, pages 899-909.
Crossref
Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Kate Northstone & Jean Golding. (2002) Swimming and Birth Weight. Epidemiology 13:6, pages 725-728.
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Stuart Batterman, Lian Zhang, Shugin Wang & Alfred Franzblau. (2002) Partition coefficients for the trihalomethanes among blood, urine, water, milk and air. Science of The Total Environment 284:1-3, pages 237-247.
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Guglielmina Fantuzzi, Elena Righi, Guerrino Predieri, Giorgia Ceppelli, Fabriziomaria Gobba & Gabriella Aggazzotti. (2001) Occupational exposure to trihalomethanes in indoor swimming pools. Science of The Total Environment 264:3, pages 257-265.
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Cristina M. Villanueva, Kogevinas Manolis & Joan O. Grimalt. (2001) Cloración del agua potable y efectos sobre la salud: revisión de estudios epidemiológicos. Medicina Clínica 117:1, pages 27-35.
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Stuart Batterman, An-Tsun Huang, Shugin Wang & Lian Zhang. (2000) Reduction of Ingestion Exposure to Trihalomethanes Due to Volatilization. Environmental Science & Technology 34:20, pages 4418-4424.
Crossref
A. Barbaud. 2000. Handbook of Occupational Dermatology. Handbook of Occupational Dermatology 826 829 .

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