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Original Articles

Behaviour and welfare of individual laying hens in a non-cage system

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Pages 22-29 | Published online: 28 Jun 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (16)

. (2023) 2023 Abstracts. British Poultry Abstracts 19:1, pages 1-27.
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H. Wall, M. Boyner, D. J. de Koning, A. Kindmark, H. A. McCormack, R. H. Fleming, F. Lopes Pinto & R. Tauson. (2022) Integument, mortality, and skeletal strength in extended production cycles for laying hens – effects of genotype and dietary zinc source. British Poultry Science 63:2, pages 115-124.
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M. B. M. Maidin, H. A. McCormack, P. W. Wilson, S. D. Caughey, N. Whenham & I. C. Dunn. (2021) Dietary betaine reduces plasma homocysteine concentrations and improves bone strength in laying hens. British Poultry Science 62:4, pages 573-578.
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Sónia Saraiva, Alexandra Esteves & George Stilwell. (2019) Influence of different housing systems on prevalence of keel bone lesions in laying hens. Avian Pathology 48:5, pages 454-459.
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A. El-Deek & K. El-Sabrout. (2019) Behaviour and meat quality of chicken under different housing systems. World's Poultry Science Journal 75:1, pages 105-114.
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I. C. Pettersson, C. A. Weeks, K. I. Norman, T. G. Knowles & C. J. Nicol. (2018) Internal roosting location is associated with differential use of the outdoor range by free-range laying hens. British Poultry Science 59:2, pages 135-140.
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I.C. Pettersson, R. Freire & C.J. Nicol. (2016) Factors affecting ranging behaviour in commercial free-range hens. World's Poultry Science Journal 72:1, pages 137-150.
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S.H. Sohn & V.K. Subramani. (2014) Dynamics of telomere length in the chicken. World's Poultry Science Journal 70:4, pages 721-736.
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B. Scholz, J.B. Kjaer & L. Schrader. (2014) Analysis of landing behaviour of three layer lines on different perch designs. British Poultry Science 55:4, pages 419-426.
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J.W. Yeates. (2013) Individualism and Nonindividualism in the Application of Nonhuman Animal Welfare to Policy. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 16:3, pages 254-271.
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M.A.F. Nasr, J. Murrell & C.J. Nicol. (2013) The effect of keel fractures on egg production, feed and water consumption in individual laying hens. British Poultry Science 54:2, pages 165-170.
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V. Sandilands, C. Moinard & N.H.C. Sparks. (2009) Providing laying hens with perches: fulfilling behavioural needs but causing injury?. British Poultry Science 50:4, pages 395-406.
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C. J. Nicol, S.N. Brown, E. Glen, S.J. Pope, F.J. Short, P.D. Warriss, P.H. Zimmerman & L.J. Wilkins. (2006) Effects of stocking density, flock size and management on the welfare of laying hens in single-tier aviaries. British Poultry Science 47:2, pages 135-146.
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R. Tauson. (2005) Management and housing systems for layers – effects on welfare and production. World's Poultry Science Journal 61:3, pages 477-490.
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H.D.H. Mahboub, J. Müller & E. Von Borell. (2004) Outdoor use, tonic immobility, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and feather condition in free-range laying hens of different genotype. British Poultry Science 45:6, pages 738-744.
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C. Moinard, P. Statham & P.R. Green. (2004) Control of landing flight by laying hens: implications for the design of extensive housing systems. British Poultry Science 45:5, pages 578-584.
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Articles from other publishers (51)

P. Yin, Q. Tong, B.M. Li, W.C. Zheng, Y. Wang, H.Q. Peng, X.L. Xue & S.Q. Wei. (2024) Spatial distribution, movement, body damage, and feather condition of laying hens in a multi-tier system. Poultry Science 103:1, pages 103202.
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Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Julio Alvarez, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin‐Bastuji, Jose Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortázar Schmidt, Mette Herskin, Miguel Ángel Miranda Chueca, Barbara Padalino, Paolo Pasquali, Helen Clare Roberts, Hans Spoolder, Karl Stahl, Antonio Velarde, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, Inmaculada Estevez, Maryse Guinebretière, Bas Rodenburg, Lars Schrader, Inga Tiemann, Thea Van Niekerk, Michele Ardizzone, Sean Ashe, Michaela Hempen, Olaf Mosbach‐Schulz, Cristina Rojo Gimeno, Yves Van der Stede, Marika Vitali & Virginie Michel. (2023) Welfare of laying hens on farm. EFSA Journal 21:2.
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John Webster. 2022. Animal Welfare. Animal Welfare 147 150 .
Leonardo V. S. Barbosa, Daniella J. De Moura, Fernando Estellés, Adrian Ramón-Moragues, Salvador Calvet & Arantxa Villagrá. (2022) Assessment of Husbandry Practices That Can Reduce the Negative Effects of Exposure to Low Ammonia Concentrations in Broiler Houses. Animals 12:9, pages 1096.
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Ida C. N. Thøfner, Jan Dahl & Jens Peter Christensen. (2021) Keel bone fractures in Danish laying hens: Prevalence and risk factors. PLOS ONE 16:8, pages e0256105.
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Greg Underwood, Daniel Andrews & Tin Phung. (2021) Advances in genetic selection and breeder practice improve commercial layer hen welfare. Animal Production Science 61:10, pages 856-866.
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Helen Gray, Rachel Davies, Ashleigh Bright, Ann Rayner & Lucy Asher. (2020) Why Do Hens Pile? Hypothesizing the Causes and Consequences. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7.
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Ahmed B.A. Ali, Dana L.M. Campbell & Janice M. Siegford. (2020) A risk assessment of health, production, and resource occupancy for 4 laying hen strains across the lay cycle in a commercial-style aviary system. Poultry Science 99:10, pages 4672-4684.
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Sónia Saraiva, Alexandra Esteves, Irene Oliveira & George Stilwell. (2020) Assessment of fear response and welfare indicators in laying hens from barn systems. Livestock Science 240, pages 104150.
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Eun Sik Choi, Eun Jung Cho, Hyeon Cheol Jeong, Bo Kyung Kim & Sea Hwan Sohn. (2020) Comparison of Production Performance and Stress Response of White Leghorns Kept in Conventional Cages and Floor Pens. Korean Journal of Poultry Science 47:3, pages 189-197.
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Ida Thøfner, Hans Petter Hougen, Chiara Villa, Niels Lynnerup & Jens Peter Christensen. (2020) Pathological characterization of keel bone fractures in laying hens does not support external trauma as the underlying cause. PLOS ONE 15:3, pages e0229735.
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Christina Rufener, Yandy Abreu, Lucy Asher, John A. Berezowski, Filipe Maximiano Sousa, Ariane Stratmann & Michael J. Toscano. (2019) Keel bone fractures are associated with individual mobility of laying hens in an aviary system. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 217, pages 48-56.
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Ahmed B.A. Ali, Dana L.M. Campbell, Darrin M. Karcher & Janice M. Siegford. (2019) Daytime occupancy of resources and flooring types by 4 laying hen strains in a commercial-style aviary. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 31, pages 59-66.
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Barbara Biesiada-Drzazga & Patryk Majkowski. (2018) The influence of the housing system on selected production features of chickens of Ross 308 parent stock. Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 14:2, pages 9-18.
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Lisa Jung & Ute Knierim. (2018) Are practice recommendations for the prevention of feather pecking in laying hens in non-cage systems in line with the results of experimental and epidemiological studies?. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 200, pages 1-12.
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S. Villanueva, A.B.A. Ali, D.L.M. Campbell & J.M. Siegford. (2017) Nest use and patterns of egg laying and damage by 4 strains of laying hens in an aviary system1. Poultry Science 96:9, pages 3011-3020.
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Vaibhav C. Gole, Rebecca Woodhouse, Charles Caraguel, Talia Moyle, Jean-Loup Rault, Margaret Sexton & Kapil Chousalkar. (2017) Dynamics of Salmonella Shedding and Welfare of Hens in Free-Range Egg Production Systems. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83:5.
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A.B.A. Ali, D.L.M. Campbell, D.M. Karcher & J.M. Siegford. (2016) Influence of genetic strain and access to litter on spatial distribution of 4 strains of laying hens in an aviary system. Poultry Science 95:11, pages 2489-2502.
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J.L.T. Heerkens, E. Delezie, B. Ampe, T.B. Rodenburg & F.A.M. Tuyttens. (2016) Ramps and hybrid effects on keel bone and foot pad disorders in modified aviaries for laying hens. Poultry Science 95:11, pages 2479-2488.
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P. Regmi, N. Nelson, J.P. Steibel, K.E. Anderson & D.M. Karcher. (2016) Comparisons of bone properties and keel deformities between strains and housing systems in end-of-lay hens. Poultry Science 95:10, pages 2225-2234.
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Yuko Moroki & Toshio Tanaka. (2015) A pecking device as an environmental enrichment for caged laying hens. Animal Science Journal 87:8, pages 1055-1062.
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J.L.T. Heerkens, E. Delezie, T.B. Rodenburg, I. Kempen, J. Zoons, B. Ampe & F.A.M. Tuyttens. (2016) Risk factors associated with keel bone and foot pad disorders in laying hens housed in aviary systems. Poultry Science 95:3, pages 482-488.
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D.L.M. Campbell, S.L. Goodwin, M.M. Makagon, J.C. Swanson & J.M. Siegford. (2016) Failed landings after laying hen flight in a commercial aviary over two flock cycles. Poultry Science 95:1, pages 188-197.
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P. Regmi, N. Smith, N. Nelson, R.C. Haut, M.W. Orth & D.M. Karcher. (2016) Housing conditions alter properties of the tibia and humerus during the laying phase in Lohmann white Leghorn hens. Poultry Science 95:1, pages 198-206.
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D.L.M. Campbell, M.M. Makagon, J.C. Swanson & J.M. Siegford. (2016) Laying hen movement in a commercial aviary: Enclosure to floor and back again. Poultry Science 95:1, pages 176-187.
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L.K. Hinrichsen, A.B. Riber & R. Labouriau. (2016) Associations between and development of welfare indicators in organic layers. Animal 10:6, pages 953-960.
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K.M. Hartcher, K.A. Hickey, P.H. Hemsworth, G.M. Cronin, S.J. Wilkinson & M. Singh. (2016) Relationships between range access as monitored by radio frequency identification technology, fearfulness, and plumage damage in free-range laying hens. Animal 10:5, pages 847-853.
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Jasper L.T. Heerkens, Evelyne Delezie, Ine Kempen, Johan Zoons, Bart Ampe, T. Bas Rodenburg & Frank A.M. Tuyttens. (2015) Specific characteristics of the aviary housing system affect plumage condition, mortality and production in laying hens. Poultry Science 94:9, pages 2008-2017.
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. (2015) Scientific Opinion on welfare aspects of the use of perches for laying hens. EFSA Journal 13:6.
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C.R. Ralph, P.H. Hemsworth, B.J. Leury & A.J. Tilbrook. (2015) Relationship between plasma and tissue corticosterone in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus): implications for stress physiology and animal welfare. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 50, pages 72-82.
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P.Y. Hester, S.A. Enneking, B.K. Haley, H.W. Cheng, M.E. Einstein & D.A. Rubin. (2013) The effect of perch availability during pullet rearing and egg laying on musculoskeletal health of caged White Leghorn hens. Poultry Science 92:8, pages 1972-1980.
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Sung-Young Kang, Young-Hyun Ko, Yang-Soo Moon, Sea-Hwan Sohn & In-Surk Jang. (2013) Effects of Housing Systems on Physiological and Immunological Parameters in Laying Hens. Journal of Animal Science and Technology 55:2, pages 131-139.
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R Freire & A Cowling. (2023) The welfare of laying hens in conventional cages and alternative systems: first steps towards a quantitative comparison. Animal Welfare 22:1, pages 57-65.
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Kirsty L Wells, Yair Hadad, Danny Ben-Avraham, Jossi Hillel, Avigdor Cahaner & Denis J Headon. (2012) Genome-wide SNP scan of pooled DNA reveals nonsense mutation in FGF20 in the scaleless line of featherless chickens. BMC Genomics 13:1.
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Caroline Julie Donaldson & Niamh Elizabeth O’Connell. (2012) The influence of access to aerial perches on fearfulness, social behaviour and production parameters in free-range laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 142:1-2, pages 51-60.
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S.A. Enneking, H.W. Cheng, K.Y. Jefferson-Moore, M.E. Einstein, D.A. Rubin & P.Y. Hester. (2012) Early access to perches in caged White Leghorn pullets. Poultry Science 91:9, pages 2114-2120.
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G. J. Richards, L. J. Wilkins, T. G. Knowles, F. Booth, M. J. Toscano, C. J. Nicol & S. N. Brown. (2012) Pop hole use by hens with different keel fracture status monitored throughout the laying period. Veterinary Record 170:19, pages 494-494.
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Debasmit Banerjee, Subir Biswas, Courtney Daigle & Janice M. Siegford. (2012) Remote Activity Classification of Hens Using Wireless Body Mounted Sensors. Remote Activity Classification of Hens Using Wireless Body Mounted Sensors.
MAF Nasr, J Murrell, LJ Wilkins & CJ Nicol. (2023) The effect of keel fractures on egg-production parameters, mobility and behaviour in individual laying hens. Animal Welfare 21:1, pages 127-135.
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C.J. Donaldson, M.E.E. Ball & N.E. O'Connell. (2012) Aerial perches and free-range laying hens: The effect of access to aerial perches and of individual bird parameters on keel bone injuries in commercial free-range laying hens. Poultry Science 91:2, pages 304-315.
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Sea-Hwan Sohn, In-Surk Jang & Bo-Ram Son. (2011) Effect of Housing Systems of Cage and Floor on the Production Performance and Stress Response in Layer. Korean Journal of Poultry Science 38:4, pages 305-313.
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L. J. Wilkins, J. L. McKinstry, N. C. Avery, T. G. Knowles, S. N. Brown, J. Tarlton & C. J. Nicol. (2011) Influence of housing system and design on bone strength and keel bone fractures in laying hens. Veterinary Record 169:16, pages 414-414.
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P.Y. Hester, D.A. Wilson, P. Settar, J.A. Arango & N.P. O'Sullivan. (2011) Effect of lighting programs during the pullet phase on skeletal integrity of egg-laying strains of chickens. Poultry Science 90:8, pages 1645-1651.
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T. Pickel, L. Schrader & B. Scholz. (2011) Pressure load on keel bone and foot pads in perching laying hens in relation to perch design. Poultry Science 90:4, pages 715-724.
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D.C. LayJr.Jr., R.M. Fulton, P.Y. Hester, D.M. Karcher, J.B. Kjaer, J.A. Mench, B.A. Mullens, R.C. Newberry, C.J. Nicol, N.P. O’Sullivan & R.E. Porter. (2011) Hen welfare in different housing systems. Poultry Science 90:1, pages 278-294.
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E Struelens & FAM Tuyttens. (2023) Effects of perch design on behaviour and health of laying hens. Animal Welfare 18:4, pages 533-538.
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Christine Nicol. (2007) Space, time, and unassuming animals. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 2:6, pages 188-192.
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C. Moinard, K.M.D. Rutherford, M.J. Haskell, C. McCorquodale, R.B. Jones & P.R. Green. (2005) Effects of obstructed take-off and landing perches on the flight accuracy of laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 93:1-2, pages 81-95.
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L. J. Wilkins, S. N. Brown, P. H. Zimmerman, C. Leeb & C. J. Nicol. (2004) Investigation of palpation as a method for determining the prevalence of keel and furculum damage in laying hens. Veterinary Record 155:18, pages 547-549.
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JJ Cooper. (2023) Consumer demand under commercial husbandry conditions: practical advice on measuring behavioural priorities in captive animals. Animal Welfare 13:S1, pages S47-S56.
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