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Combustion Science and Technology Volume 156, 2000 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Candle Flames in Non-Buoyant Atmospheres

D.L. DIETRICH NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OhioView further author information
,
H.D. ROSS NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio
,
Y. SHU Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OhioView further author information
,
P. CHANG Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
&
J.S. T'IEN Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Pages 1-24 | Received 01 Feb 1999, Published online: 27 Apr 2007

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Benjamin D. Shaw & Chang L. Vang. (2016) Oxygen Lewis Number Effects on Reduced Gravity Combustion of Methanol and n-Heptane Droplets. Combustion Science and Technology 188:1, pages 1-20.
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KathrynM. Allan, JohnR. Kaminski, JerryC. Bertrand, Jeb Head & PeterB. Sunderland. (2009) Laminar Smoke Points of Wax Candles. Combustion Science and Technology 181:5, pages 800-811.
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M.P. Raju & J.S. T'ien. (2008) Modelling of candle burning with a self-trimmed wick. Combustion Theory and Modelling 12:2, pages 367-388.
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MandhapatiP. Raju & JamesS. T'ien. (2008) Development of Direct Multifrontal Solvers for Combustion Problems. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 53:3, pages 189-205.
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D.L. Dietrich, P.M. Struk, M. Ikegami & G. Xu. (2005) Single droplet combustion of decane in microgravity: experiments and numerical modelling. Combustion Theory and Modelling 9:4, pages 569-585.
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AMMAR ALSAIRAFI, SHIH-TUEN LEE & JAMESS. T'IEN∗. (2004) MODELING GRAVITY EFFECT ON DIFFUSION FLAMES STABILIZED AROUND A CYLINDRICAL WICK SATURATED WITH LIQUID FUEL. Combustion Science and Technology 176:12, pages 2165-2191.
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Articles from other publishers (36)

Feng Guo, Nozomu Hashimoto & Osamu Fujita. (2023) Revealing the role of limiting oxygen concentration test for a wick flame in characterizing the liquid fuel flammability. Combustion and Flame 257, pages 113029.
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Parham Dehghani, John L. de Ris & James G. Quintiere. (2023) Demonstrating steady burning for small flat materials in microgravity in a quiescent ambient. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 39:3, pages 3949-3958.
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Phillip H. Irace, Kendyl A. Waddell, Denis Constales, Minhyeng Kim, Gregory Yablonsky, Peter B. Sunderland & Richard L. Axelbaum. (2023) On the existence of steady-state gaseous microgravity spherical diffusion flames in the presence of radiation heat loss. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 39:2, pages 1721-1729.
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Gary A. Ruff, David L. Urban, Daniel L. Dietrich, Michael Johnston, Marit Meyer, Sandra L. Olson, Paul Ferkul, Claire Fortenberry, Rosa Padilla, Michael D. Pedley, Tony Brown & David E. Tadlock. 2023. Safety Design for Space Systems. Safety Design for Space Systems 599 673 .
D.L. Dietrich & J.S. T’ien. (2022) Can cool flames support candle flame burning in microgravity?. Combustion and Flame 245, pages 112367.
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Ulises Rojas-Alva & Grunde Jomaas. (2022) A historical overview of experimental solid combustion research in microgravity. Acta Astronautica 194, pages 363-375.
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Phillip H. Irace, Han Ju Lee, Kendyl Waddell, Logan Tan, Dennis P. Stocker, Peter B. Sunderland & Richard L. Axelbaum. (2021) Observations of long duration microgravity spherical diffusion flames aboard the International Space Station. Combustion and Flame 229, pages 111373.
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Parham Dehghani, Peter B. Sunderland, James G. Quintiere & John L. deRis. (2021) Burning in microgravity: Experimental results and analysis. Combustion and Flame 228, pages 315-330.
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Feng Guo, Yu Ozaki, Yusuke Konno, Nozomu Hashimoto & Osamu Fujita. (2021) Near-limit oscillatory behaviors on wick flames of dimethyl carbonate with trimethyl phosphate additions. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 38:3, pages 4691-4698.
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Ignacio Verdugo, Juan José Cruz, Emilio Álvarez, Pedro Reszka, Luís Fernando Figueira da Silva & Andrés Fuentes. (2020) Candle flame soot sizing by planar time-resolved laser-induced incandescence. Scientific Reports 10:1.
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Yanjun Li, Ya-Ting T. Liao & Paul Ferkul. (2020) Numerical Study of the Effects of Confinement on Concurrent-Flow Flame Spread in Microgravity. Journal of Heat Transfer 142:11.
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Praveen Kumar B & Amit Kumar. (2020) Effects of fuel Lewis number on self-propagating flame spread over thin solid fuels in microgravity. Combustion and Flame 219, pages 293-311.
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Charles Baukal, Jr.Sandra Olson. 2020. A Gallery of Combustion and Fire. A Gallery of Combustion and Fire 74 106 .
Shu Zheng, Li Ni, Huawei Liu & Huaichun Zhou. (2019) Measurement of the distribution of temperature and emissivity of a candle flame using hyperspectral imaging technique. Optik 183, pages 222-231.
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Manasi R. Mulay, Aditya Chauhan, Satyanarayan Patel, Viswanath Balakrishnan, Aditi Halder & Rahul Vaish. (2019) Candle soot: Journey from a pollutant to a functional material. Carbon 144, pages 684-712.
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Sandra L. Olson, Paul V. Ferkul & Jeremy W. Marcum. (2019) High-speed video analysis of flame oscillations along a PMMA rod after stagnation region blowoff. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 37:2, pages 1555-1562.
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Fumiaki Takahashi, Viswanath R. Katta & Michael C. Hicks. (2018) Cool-Flame Burning and Oscillations of Envelope Diffusion Flames in Microgravity. Microgravity Science and Technology 30:4, pages 339-351.
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Akshit Markan, Peter B. Sunderland, James G. Quintiere, John L. de Ris, Dennis P. Stocker & Howard R. Baum. (2018) A Burning Rate Emulator (BRE) for study of condensed fuel burning in microgravity. Combustion and Flame 192, pages 272-282.
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Sandra L. Olson & Paul V. Ferkul. (2017) Microgravity flammability boundary for PMMA rods in axial stagnation flow: Experimental results and energy balance analyses. Combustion and Flame 180, pages 217-229.
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M.C. Thomsen, A. Fuentes, R. Demarco, C. Volkwein, J.-L. Consalvi & P. Reszka. (2017) Soot measurements in candle flames. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 82, pages 116-123.
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Daniel L. Dietrich, Vedha Nayagam, Michael C. Hicks, Paul V. Ferkul, Frederick L. Dryer, Tanvir Farouk, Benjamin D. Shaw, Hyun Kyu Suh, Mun Y. Choi, Yu Cheng Liu, C. Thomas Avedisian & Forman A. Williams. (2014) Droplet Combustion Experiments Aboard the International Space Station. Microgravity Science and Technology 26:2, pages 65-76.
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Mariusz Zarzecki, James G. Quintiere, Richard E. Lyon, Tobias Rossmann & Francisco J. Diez. (2013) The effect of pressure and oxygen concentration on the combustion of PMMA. Combustion and Flame 160:8, pages 1519-1530.
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Lauren M. SharpDaniel L. DietrichBrian J. Motil. (2013) Microgravity Fluids and Combustion Research at NASA Glenn Research Center. Journal of Aerospace Engineering 26:2, pages 439-450.
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Stavros Theodorakis & Charalambos Aristidou. (2012) The paradox of the floating candle that continues to burn. American Journal of Physics 80:8, pages 657-663.
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Daniel Dietrich, Gary Ruff, John Easton, Amber Abbott, John Graf, David Gianettino & Charles Sager. (2011) Towards the Development of a Specification for a Portable Fine Water Mist Fire Extinguisher for Spacecraft Applications. Towards the Development of a Specification for a Portable Fine Water Mist Fire Extinguisher for Spacecraft Applications.
Zixue Su, Wuzong Zhou & Yang Zhang. (2011) New insight into the soot nanoparticles in a candle flame. Chemical Communications 47:16, pages 4700.
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P.B. Sunderland, J.G. Quintiere, G.A. Tabaka, D. Lian & C.-W. Chiu. (2011) Analysis and measurement of candle flame shapes. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33:2, pages 2489-2496.
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Sara McAllister, Carlos Fernandez-Pello, David Urban & Gary Ruff. (2010) The combined effect of pressure and oxygen concentration on piloted ignition of a solid combustible. Combustion and Flame 157:9, pages 1753-1759.
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D. L. Dietrich, G. A. Ruff & D. L. Urban. (2008) Fundamentals of Fire Suppression in Reduced Gravity Environments. SAE International Journal of Aerospace 1:1, pages 307-316.
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Gary A. Ruff, David L. Urban, Michael D. Pedley & Paul T. Johnson. 2009. Safety Design for Space Systems. Safety Design for Space Systems 829 883 .
James S. T’ien. 2008. Progress in Scale Modeling. Progress in Scale Modeling 281 292 .
D. L. Dietrich, G. A. Ruff, D. L. Urban, M. C. Hicks, D. P. Stocker, V. Nayagam & F. Takahashi. Fire Suppression Technology in Human-Crewed Spacecraft -A Trade Study. Fire Suppression Technology in Human-Crewed Spacecraft -A Trade Study.
Amit Kumar, Kevin Tolejko & James S. T'ien. (2004) A Computational Study on Flame-Solid Radiative Interaction in Flame Spread Over Thin Solid-Fuel. Journal of Heat Transfer 126:4, pages 611-620.
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Fumiaki Takahashi & Viswanath R. Katta. (2002) Reaction kernel structure and stabilizing mechanisms of jet diffusion flames in microgravity. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 29:2, pages 2509-2518.
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J.L. Rhatigan, C.J. Sung & J.S. Tien. (2002) On solid trioxane combustion in stagnation point flows. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 29:2, pages 1645-1652.
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R. Freidman & D. Urban. (2000) Progress in fire detection and suppression technology for future space missions. Progress in fire detection and suppression technology for future space missions.

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