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Combustion Science and Technology Volume 1, 1970 - Issue 6
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Original Articles

Flame Propagation Along Matchstick Arrays

M. VOGEL University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California
&
F. A. WILLIAMS University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California
Pages 429-436 | Received 12 Jan 1970, Published online: 10 May 2007

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Weiguang An, Minglun Cai, Yanhua Tang, Qing Li & Zhe Wang. (2022) Influence of Inclined Angle on Upward Flame Spread over Discrete Extruded Polystyrene Foam. Combustion Science and Technology 194:7, pages 1301-1320.
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MichaelJ. Gollner, Yanxuan Xie, Minkyu Lee, Yuji Nakamura & AliS. Rangwala. (2012) Burning Behavior of Vertical Matchstick Arrays. Combustion Science and Technology 184:5, pages 585-607.
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G. F. carrier, F. E. fendell & M. F. wolff. (1991) Wind-Aided Firespread across Arrays of Discrete Fuel Elements. I. Theory. Combustion Science and Technology 75:1-3, pages 31-51.
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TOM BEER. (1990) Percolation Theory and Fire Spread. Combustion Science and Technology 72:4-6, pages 297-304.
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C. C. HWANG & YUSHENG XIE. (1984) Flame Propagation Along Matchstick ArraysOn, Inclined Base Boards. Combustion Science and Technology 42:1-2, pages 1-12.
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JOSEPHM. PRAHL & JAMESS. TIEN. (1973) Preliminary Investigations of Forced Convection on Flame Propagation along Paper and Matchstick Arrays. Combustion Science and Technology 7:6, pages 271-282.
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Yang Zhou, Rongwei Bu, Xiaonan Zhang, Zhengyang Wang & Chuangang Fan. (2023) Modelling of flame spread over biomass fuel arrays with various inclined angles and spacings. Fuel 335, pages 126744.
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Mi Li, Lin Jiang, Hua‐Hua Xiao & Jin‐Hua Sun. (2022) Experimental and theoretical study on horizontal flame spread through arrays of wooden dowels. Fire and Materials 47:2, pages 199-210.
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Xiaojin Zhang, Tianwei Chu, Liming Jiang, Guoqing Zhu, Xiang Liu, Xin Xu & Zhenkun Wu. (2023) On the orientation effect on the flame spread over discrete fuel using a mass-transfer number. Fire Safety Journal 135, pages 103730.
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Kai Wang, Dezheng Wang, Biao Zhou, Wanyu Yang, Jiangtao Wang, Wei Wang & Xuan Wang. (2022) Influence of air gap ratio of the Chinese historical wooden window on the vertical flame spread performance. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 32, pages 101308.
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Vinayak Malhotra, Saumya Shekhar, Bhushan Thombare & T. Selvakumaran. (2021) Experimental Investigation of configuration types and array of external heat sources on downward spreading fires. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1168:1, pages 012019.
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Ama Carney, Yanjun Li, Ya-Ting Liao, Sandra Olson & Paul Ferkul. (2021) Concurrent-flow flame spread over thin discrete fuels in microgravity. Combustion and Flame 226, pages 211-221.
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Rongwei Bu, Long Shi & Yang Zhou. (2021) Identifying the criterion for discrete flame spread over single-row birch rods. Fire Safety Journal 120, pages 103116.
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Giovanni Di Cristina, Shijin Kozhumal, Albert Simeoni, Nicholas Skowronski, Ali Rangwala & Seong-kyun Im. (2021) Forced convection fire spread along wooden dowel array. Fire Safety Journal 120, pages 103090.
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Rongwei Bu, Yang Zhou, Long Shi & Chuangang Fan. (2021) Experimental study on combustion and flame spread characteristics in horizontal arrays of discrete fuels. Combustion and Flame 225, pages 136-146.
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Weiguang An, Lujun Peng, Minglun Cai, Kaiyang Hu, Song Li & Tao Wang. (2021) Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characteristics of Combustion of Discrete Polymethyl Methacrylate Plates with Different Spacings in Concave Building Facades. Polymers 13:1, pages 167.
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Giovanni Di Cristina, Nicholas S. Skowronski, Albert Simeoni, Ali S. Rangwala & Seong-kyun Im. (2021) Flame spread behavior characterization of discrete fuel array under a forced flow. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 38:3, pages 5109-5117.
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Fu-Hai Gou, Hua-Hua Xiao, Lin Jiang, Mi Li, Man-Man Zhang & Jin-Hua Sun. (2020) Upward Flame Spread Over an Array of Discrete Thermally-Thin PMMA Plates. Fire Technology.
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Wohan Cui & Ya-Ting T. Liao. (2019) Experimental study of upward flame spread over discrete thin fuels. Fire Safety Journal 110, pages 102907.
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Lin Jiang, Zhao Zhao, Wei Tang, Colin Miller, Jin-Hua Sun & Michael J. Gollner. (2019) Flame spread and burning rates through vertical arrays of wooden dowels. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 37:3, pages 3767-3774.
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Kambam Naresh, Amit Kumar, Oleg Korobeinichev, Andrey Shmakov & Ksenia Osipova. (2018) Downward flame spread along a single pine needle: Numerical modelling. Combustion and Flame 197, pages 161-181.
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JeanHyuk Park, Jared Brucker, Ryan Seballos, Byoungchul Kwon & Ya-Ting T. Liao. (2018) Concurrent flame spread over discrete thin fuels. Combustion and Flame 191, pages 116-125.
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Michael J. Gollner, Colin H. Miller, Wei Tang & Ajay V. Singh. (2017) The effect of flow and geometry on concurrent flame spread. Fire Safety Journal 91, pages 68-78.
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François Joseph Chatelon, Jacques Henri Balbi, Dominique Morvan, Jean Louis Rossi & Thierry Marcelli. (2017) A convective model for laboratory fires with well-ordered vertically-oriented fuel beds. Fire Safety Journal 90, pages 54-61.
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Colin H. Miller & Michael J. Gollner. (2015) Upward flame spread over discrete fuels. Fire Safety Journal 77, pages 36-45.
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Mark A. Finney, Jason Forthofer, Isaac C. Grenfell, Brittany A. Adam, Nelson K. Akafuah & Kozo Saito. 2015. Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume II. Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume II 71 83 .
Mark A. Finney, Jack D. Cohen, Sara S. McAllister & W. Matt Jolly. (2013) On the need for a theory of wildland fire spread. International Journal of Wildland Fire 22:1, pages 25.
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M.J. Gollner, F.A. Williams & A.S. Rangwala. (2011) Upward flame spread over corrugated cardboard. Combustion and Flame 158:7, pages 1404-1412.
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Russell A. Parsons, William E. Mell & Peter McCauley. (2011) Linking 3D spatial models of fuels and fire: Effects of spatial heterogeneity on fire behavior. Ecological Modelling 222:3, pages 679-691.
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Mark A. Finney & Sara S. McAllister. (2011) A Review of Fire Interactions and Mass Fires. Journal of Combustion 2011, pages 1-14.
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Mark A. Finney, Jack D. Cohen, Isaac C. Grenfell & Kara M. Yedinak. (2010) An examination of fire spread thresholds in discontinuous fuel beds. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19:2, pages 163.
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Kara M. Yedinak, Jack D. Cohen, Jason M. Forthofer & Mark A. Finney. (2010) An examination of flame shape related to convection heat transfer in deep-fuel beds. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19:2, pages 171.
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NR Keltner, NJ Alvares & SJ GraysonVE Garzón, JM McDonough & K Saito. 1998. Very Large-Scale Fires. Very Large-Scale Fires 73 83 .
T. Beer. (2006) Bushfire rate‐of‐spread forecasting: Deterministic and statistical approaches to fire modelling. Journal of Forecasting 10:3, pages 301-317.
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William M. Pitts. (1991) Wind effects on fires. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 17:2, pages 83-134.
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R.O. Weber. (1991) Modelling fire spread through fuel beds. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 17:1, pages 67-82.
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R.O. Weber. (1990) A model for fire propagation in arrays. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 13:12, pages 95-102.
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Peter G. Baines. (1990) Physical mechanisms for the propagation of surface fires. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 13:12, pages 83-94.
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I. Emori, Y. Iguchi, K. Saito & I. Wichman. (1989) Simplified Scale Modeling Of Turbulent Flame Spread With Implication To Wildland Fires. Fire Safety Science 2, pages 263-273.
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F.A. Williams. (1982) Urban and wildland fire phenomenology. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 8:4, pages 317-354.
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F.R. Steward & K.N. Tennankore. (1981) The measurement of the burning rate of an individual dowel in a uniform fuel matrix. Symposium (International) on Combustion 18:1, pages 641-646.
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S.L. Lee & J.M. Hellman. 1974. Advances in Heat Transfer Volume 10. Advances in Heat Transfer Volume 10 219 284 .

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