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Combustion Science and Technology Volume 9, 1974 - Issue 1-2
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SHORT COMMUNICATION

Effect of Orientation and External Flow Velocity on Flame Spreading over Thermally Thin Paper Strips

M. SIBULKIN Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
,
W. KETELHUT Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
&
S. FELDMAN Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
Pages 75-77 | Received 03 Dec 1973, Published online: 21 May 2007

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Chenthil Kumar & Amit Kumar. (2012) On the role of radiation and dimensionality in predicting flow opposed flame spread over thin fuels. Combustion Theory and Modelling 16:3, pages 537-569.
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Seik Mansoor Ali, Vasudevan Raghavan & AliS. Rangwala. (2010) A numerical study of quasi-steady burning characteristics of a condensed fuel: effect of angular orientation of fuel surface. Combustion Theory and Modelling 14:4, pages 495-518.
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ROBERTA. BORGESON & JAMESS. T'IEN. (1983) Modelling the Fuel Temperature Effect on Flame Spread Limits in Opposed Flow. Combustion Science and Technology 32:1-4, pages 125-136.
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A. C. FERNANDEZ-PELLO & T. HIRANO. (1983) Controlling Mechanisms of Flame Spread. Combustion Science and Technology 32:1-4, pages 1-31.
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K. ANNAMALAI & M. SIBULKIN. (1979) Flame Spread Over Combustible Surfaces for Laminar Flow Systems Part I: Excess Fuel and Heat Flux. Combustion Science and Technology 19:5-6, pages 167-183.
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A. C. FERNANDEZ-PELLO, S. R. RAY & I. GLASSMAN. (1978) Downward Flame Spread In an Opposed Forced Flow. Combustion Science and Technology 19:1-2, pages 19-30.
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Tsuneyoshi Matsuoka, Yuki Chiba, Shinnosuke Okuno, Hiroyuki Torikai, Subrata Bhattacharjee, Takuya Yamazaki & Yuji Nakamura. (2023) Opposed flame spread over folded PMMA plate with various internal angles. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 39:3, pages 3805-3812.
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Fanyi Meng, Chang Li, Paul Amyotte, Yajie Bu, Chunmiao Yuan, Weidong Yan & Gang Li. (2022) Effect of inclination angle on fire hazard of melting dust layers. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 160, pages 620-631.
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I. G. Namyatov & A. A. Korzhavin. (2021) Flame Spread over a Liquid Fuel Film on a Low-Thermal-Conductivity Substrate. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 57:4, pages 408-414.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee & Kenneth Dong. (2020) A numerical investigation of radiation feedback in different regimes of opposed flow flame spread. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 150, pages 119358.
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Yang Zhou, Rongwei Bu, Junhui Gong, Weigang Yan & Chuangang Fan. (2018) Experimental investigation on downward flame spread over rigid polyurethane and extruded polystyrene foams. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 92, pages 346-352.
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Ying Zhang, Xiangfeng Chen, Yuhan Song, Xinjie Huang, Yi Niu & Jinhua Sun. (2017) The deceleration mechanism and the critical extinction angle of downward flame spread over inclined cellulosic solids. Applied Thermal Engineering 124, pages 185-190.
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Weiguang An, Xinjie Huang, Qingsong Wang, Ying Zhang, Jinhua Sun, KM Liew, Hui Wang & Huahua Xiao. (2013) Effects of sample width and inclined angle on flame spread across expanded polystyrene surface in plateau and plain environments. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 28:1, pages 111-127.
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Bruna Comas, Adria Carmona & Toni Pujol. (2015) Experimental study of the channel effect on the flame spread over thin solid fuels. Fire Safety Journal 71, pages 162-173.
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Bruna Comas & Toni Pujol. (2013) Flame front speed and onset of instability in the burning of inclined thin solid fuel samples. Physical Review E 88:6.
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Amit Kumar & James S. T'ien. (2012) Numerical Modeling of Limiting Oxygen Index Apparatus for Film Type Fuels. International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 4:4, pages 299-322.
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Seik Mansoor Ali, Vasudevan Raghavan & Ali S. Rangwala. (2012) Numerical analysis of flame heating on arbitrarily oriented condensed fuel surfaces. Fire Safety Journal 49, pages 67-78.
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Xia Zhang & Yong Yu. (2011) Experimental studies on the three-dimensional effects of opposed-flow flame spread over thin solid materials. Combustion and Flame 158:6, pages 1193-1200.
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A. A. Korzhavin, N. A. Kakutkina & I. G. Namyatov. (2010) Flame spread over fuel films in opposed gas flow. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 46:3, pages 273-278.
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Akihiko Ito, Yuji Kudo & Hiroyuki Oyama. (2005) Propagation and extinction mechanisms of opposed-flow flame spread over PMMA for different sample orientations. Combustion and Flame 142:4, pages 428-437.
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I. G. Namyatov, S. S. Minaev, V. S. Babkin, V. A. Bunev & A. A. Korzhavin. (2000) Diffusion combustion of a liquid fuel film on a metal substrate. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 36:5, pages 562-570.
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T. Hirano & K. Saito. (1994) Fire spread phenomena: The role of observation in experiment. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 20:6, pages 461-485.
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Y. Zhang, P.D. Ronney, E.V. Roegner & J.B. Greenberg. (1992) Lewis number effects on flame spreading over thin solid fuels. Combustion and Flame 90:1, pages 71-83.
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T. Hirano. (1991) Physical Aspects Of Combustion In Fires. Fire Safety Science 3, pages 27-44.
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N. N. Bakhman, V. I. Kodolov, K. I. Larionov & I. N. Lobanov. (1988) Effect of orientation of a sample of solid fuel on the rate of flame propagation along its surface. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 24:6, pages 697-700.
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A. F. Zhevlakov & Yu. M. Groshev. (1987) Effect of oxidant stream velocity on propagation of flame in cloth and films. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 23:3, pages 279-281.
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Muneo Izumikawa, Tohru Mitani & Takashi Noka. (2016) Burning Behavior of Paper Inhibited by NaHCO3. Journal of Fire Sciences 4:5, pages 332-345.
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A. Carlos Fernandez-Pello & Toshisuke Hirano. (1982) Controlling Mechanisms of Flame Spread. Fire Science and Technology 2:1, pages 17-54.
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A. F. Zhevlakov, Yu. M. Groshev, I. S. Ermakova, A. V. Volokhina, M. A. Zharkova & A. M. Shchetinin. (1982) Rate of flame propagation in fabrics of various compositions. Fibre Chemistry 14:1, pages 67-69.
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A.C. Fernandez-Pello, S.R. Ray & I. Glassman. (1981) Flame spread in an opposed forced flow: the effect of ambient oxygen concentration. Symposium (International) on Combustion 18:1, pages 579-589.
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R.A. Altenkirch, R. Eichhorn & P.C. Shang. (1980) Buoyancy effects on flames spreading down thermally thin fuels. Combustion and Flame 37, pages 71-83.
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I. M. Abduragimov, A. S. Androsov & E. V. Krylov. (1980) Flame propagation over the surface of thin polymeric materials. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 15:4, pages 470-472.
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M. V. Alekseev & A. É. Averson. (1979) Mechanism of the propagation of a flame over a surface in a counterflow of gas. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 15:5, pages 594-600.
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Alfred E. FreyJr.Jr. & James S. T'ien. (1979) A theory of flame spread over a solid fuel including finite-rate chemical kinetics. Combustion and Flame 36, pages 263-289.
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A. D. Margolin & V. G. Krupkin. (1978) Critical conditions for combustion of thin polymer layers. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 14:2, pages 178-183.
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F.A. Williams. (1977) Mechanisms of fire spread. Symposium (International) on Combustion 16:1, pages 1281-1294.
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Takashi Kashiwagi & David L. Newman. (1976) Flame spread over an inclined thin fuel surface. Combustion and Flame 26, pages 163-177.
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