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Combustion Science and Technology Volume 44, 1986 - Issue 5-6
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Original Articles

Exact Solution for the Rate of Creeping Flame Spread over Thermally Thin Materials

M. A. DELICHATSIOS Factory Mutual Research Corporation, Norwood, Massachusetts
Pages 257-267 | Received 29 Oct 1984, Published online: 21 May 2007

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L. Carmignani & S. Bhattacharjee. (2020) Burn Angle and Its Implications on Flame Spread Rate, Mass Burning Rate, and Fuel Temperature for Downward Flame Spread over Thin PMMA. Combustion Science and Technology 192:8, pages 1617-1632.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee, Rohit Nagarkar & Yuji Nakamura. (2014) A Correlation for an Effective Flow Velocity for Capturing the Boundary Layer Effect in Opposed-Flow Flame Spread over Thin Fuels. Combustion Science and Technology 186:8, pages 975-987.
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Bruna Comas & Toni Pujol. (2013) Energy Balance Models of Downward Combustion of Parallel Thin Solid Fuels and Comparison to Experiments. Combustion Science and Technology 185:12, pages 1820-1837.
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T. Pujol. (2013) Analytical Model for the Downward Flame Spread over a Thermally Thin Fuel into an Opposed Flow. Combustion Science and Technology 185:5, pages 794-816.
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Bruna Comas & Toni Pujol. (2012) Experimental Study of the Effects of Side-Edge Burning in the Downward Flame Spread of Thin Solid Fuels. Combustion Science and Technology 184:4, pages 489-504.
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Toni Pujol & Bruna Comas. (2011) Bounds for Downward Flame Spread Rate in Solid Fuels and Comparison to Experiments. Combustion Science and Technology 183:10, pages 1083-1106.
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WEN-KUEI CHANG & CHIUN-HSUN CHEN. (2007) EFFECT OF OPPOSED FLOW ON FLAME SPREAD OVER A FINITE-LENGTH PMMA SLAB IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL WIND TUNNEL. Combustion Science and Technology 179:12, pages 2489-2510.
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A Karpov, A Galat & V Bulgakov. (1999) Prediction of the steady flame spread rate by the principle of minimal entropy production. Combustion Theory and Modelling 3:3, pages 535-546.
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L. K. HONDA & P. D. RONNEY. (1998) Effect of Ambient Atmosphere on Flame Spread at Microgravity. Combustion Science and Technology 133:4-6, pages 267-291.
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S. Bhattacharjee, k. K. Bhaskaran & R. A. Altenkirch. (1994) Effects of Pyrolysis Kinetics on Opposed-Flow Flame Spread Modeling. Combustion Science and Technology 100:1-6, pages 163-182.
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CHIUN-HSUN CHEN. (1990) A Numerical Study of Flame Spread and Blowoff over a Thermally-Thin Solid Fuel in an Opposed Air Flow. Combustion Science and Technology 69:4-6, pages 63-83.
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Articles from other publishers (59)

Subrata Bhattacharjee & Nathan Casebier. (2024) The importance of solid phase longitudinal conduction in flame spread over cylindrical and flat fuels: A comparative scale analysis. Fire Safety Journal 142, pages 104001.
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Alain Coimbra, Yutao Li, Augustin Guibaud, Jean-Marie Citerne, Guillaume Legros & Jean-Louis Consalvi. (2023) An engineering model for creeping flame spread over idealized electrical wires in microgravity. Comptes Rendus. Mécanique 351:S2, pages 57-75.
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Yuxuan Ma, Yusuke Konno, Qiang Wang, Longhua Hu, Nozomu Hashimoto & Osamu Fujita. (2023) Effect of solid surface curvature and wall heat loss on the downward flame spread along the edge of thin PMMA sheets. Combustion and Flame 254, pages 112837.
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Yanqiu Chen, Qianhang Feng, Yifan Nie, Jiwei Zhang & Lizhong Yang. (2023) A Review of Combustion and Flame Spread over Thermoplastic Materials: Research Advances and Prospects. Fire 6:3, pages 125.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee & Michael Delichatsios. (2023) Predicting the pyrolysis temperature for thermally thin fuels in opposed-flow flame spread in the thermal regime. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 39:3, pages 3871-3878.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee & Thomas Delzeit. (2023) Opposed-flow flame spread over cylindrical fuels: Spread rate formulas and experimental verification. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 39:3, pages 3863-3870.
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Tsuneyoshi Matsuoka, Yuki Chiba, Shinnosuke Okuno, Hiroyuki Torikai, Subrata Bhattacharjee, Takuya Yamazaki & Yuji Nakamura. (2023) Opposed flame spread over folded PMMA plate with various internal angles. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 39:3, pages 3805-3812.
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Jiaqing Zhang, Fengju Shang, Taiyun Zhu, Yi Guo, Xuan Liang & Qiang Wang. (2022) Experimental Research and Theoretical Analysis on Flame Spreading Behaviors of Transformer Insulating Paperboard Under Different Inclined Angles. Fire Technology.
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Yoshinari Kobayashi, Rikiya Oiwa, Misuzu Tokoro & Shuhei Takahashi. (2021) Buoyant-flow downward flame spread over carbon fiber reinforced plastic in variable oxygen atmospheres. Combustion and Flame 232, pages 111528.
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Yajun Huang, Longhua Hu, Yuxuan Ma, Nan Zhu, Yuhang Chen, Jonathan Wahlqvist, Margaret Mcnamee & Patrick van Hees. (2021) Experimental study of flame spread over thermally-thin inclined fuel surface and controlling heat transfer mechanism under concurrent wind. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 165, pages 106936.
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Qiyuan Xie, Shengfeng Luo & Liangjun Da. (2021) Effects of backwall on inner thermal structure in opposed-flow horizontal flame spread of thick PMMA panel. Applied Thermal Engineering 185, pages 116424.
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Yoshinari Kobayashi, Kaoru Terashima, Rikiya Oiwa, Misuzu Tokoro & Shuhei Takahashi. (2021) Opposed-flow flame spread over carbon fiber reinforced plastic under variable flow velocity and oxygen concentration: The effect of in-plane thermal isotropy and anisotropy. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 38:3, pages 4857-4866.
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Luyao Zhao, Jun Fang, Shangqing Tao, Jingwu Wang & Yongming Zhang. (2020) Effects of Ambient Parameters and Sample Width on Upward Flame Spread over Thermally Thin Solids. Fire Technology 57:1, pages 145-161.
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Kun Zhao, Michael J. Gollner, Qiong Liu, Junhui Gong & Lizhong Yang. (2019) Lateral Flame Spread over PMMA Under Forced Air Flow. Fire Technology 56:2, pages 801-820.
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Shengfeng Luo, Qiyuan Xie & Rong Qiu. (2019) Melting and Dripping Flow Behaviors on the Downward Flame Spread of a Wide XPS Foam. Fire Technology 55:6, pages 2055-2086.
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Minglun Cai, Song Chen, Yanhua Tang, Qing Li & Weiguang An. (2019) Study on the influence of enclosed vertical channels on downward flame spread over XPS thermal insulation materials. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 14, pages 100486.
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Grayson Lange, Luca Carmignani & Subrata Bhattacharjee. (2019) Thermal radiation measurements of downward spreading flames. Applied Thermal Engineering 160, pages 114022.
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Thomas Delzeit, Luca Carmignani, Tsuneyoshi Matsuoka & Subrata Bhattacharjee. (2019) Influence of edge propagation on downward flame spread over three-dimensional PMMA samples. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 37:3, pages 3203-3209.
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Yusuke Konno, Nozomu Hashimoto & Osamu Fujita. (2019) Downward flame spreading over electric wire under various oxygen concentrations. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 37:3, pages 3817-3824.
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Kun Zhao, Xiaodong Zhou, Xueqiang Liu, Wei Tang, Michael Gollner, Fei Peng & Lizhong Yang. (2018) Experimental and theoretical study on downward flame spread over uninhibited PMMA slabs under different pressure environments. Applied Thermal Engineering 136, pages 1-8.
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Luca Carmignani, Blake Rhoades & Subrata Bhattacharjee. (2018) Correlation of Burning Rate with Spread Rate for Downward Flame Spread Over PMMA. Fire Technology 54:3, pages 613-624.
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Oleg Korobeinichev, Munko Gonchikzhapov, Alexander Tereshchenko, Ilya Gerasimov, Andrey Shmakov, Alexander Paletsky & Alexander Karpov. (2018) An experimental study of horizontal flame spread over PMMA surface in still air. Combustion and Flame 188, pages 388-398.
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Shengfeng Luo, Qiyuan Xie, Xinyi Tang, Rong Qiu & Yun Yang. (2017) A quantitative model and the experimental evaluation of the liquid fuel layer for the downward flame spread of XPS foam. Journal of Hazardous Materials 329, pages 30-37.
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Tsuneyoshi MATSUOKA, Satoshi MURAKAMI, Takuya YAMAZAKI & Yuji NAKAMURA. (2017) An appearance of asymmetrically spreading flames in narrow combustible channel. Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 83:852, pages 17-00009-17-00009.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee, Aslihan Simsek, Fletcher Miller, Sandra Olson & Paul Ferkul. (2017) Radiative, thermal, and kinetic regimes of opposed-flow flame spread: A comparison between experiment and theory. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 36:2, pages 2963-2969.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee, Matthew Laue, Luca Carmignani, Paul Ferkul & Sandra Olson. (2016) Opposed-flow flame spread: A comparison of microgravity and normal gravity experiments to establish the thermal regime. Fire Safety Journal 79, pages 111-118.
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Osamu Fujita. (2015) Solid combustion research in microgravity as a basis of fire safety in space. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 35:3, pages 2487-2502.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee, Wynn Tran, Matthew Laue, Christopher Paolini & Yuji Nakamura. (2015) Experimental validation of a correlation capturing the boundary layer effect on spread rate in the kinetic regime of opposed-flow flame spread. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 35:3, pages 2631-2638.
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Indrek S. Wichman, Sandra L. Olson, Fletcher J. Miller & Stefanus A. Tanaya. (2012) Experimental evaluation of flame and flamelet spread over cellulosic materials using the narrow channel apparatus. Fire and Materials 37:7, pages 503-519.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee, Mathew Bundy, Christopher Paolini, Gaurav Patel & Wynn Tran. (2013) A novel apparatus for flame spread study. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 34:2, pages 2513-2521.
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Toni Pujol & Bruna Comas. (2011) Analytical expressions for the flame front speed in the downward combustion of thin solid fuels and comparison to experiments. Physical Review E 84:2.
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J.Y. Malchi, J. Prosser, R.A. Yetter & S.F. Son. (2009) Realizing microgravity flame spread characteristics at 1 g over a bed of nano-aluminum powder. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 32:2, pages 2437-2444.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee, Richard Ayala, Kazunori Wakai & Shuhei Takahashi. (2005) Opposed-flow flame spread in microgravity-theoretical prediction of spread rate and flammability map. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 30:2, pages 2279-2286.
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Joaquim Fort, Daniel Campos, Josep R González & Joaquim Velayos. (2004) Bounds for the propagation speed of combustion flames. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 37:29, pages 7185-7198.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee, Kazunori Wakai & Shuhei Takahashi. (2003) Predictions of a critical fuel thickness for flame extinction in a quiescent microgravity environment. Combustion and Flame 132:3, pages 523-532.
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Youngjin Son & Paul D. Ronney. (2002) Radiation-driven flame spread over thermally thick fuels in quiescent microgravity environments. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 29:2, pages 2587-2594.
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Shuhei Takahashi, Manabu Kondou, Kazunori Wakai & Subrata Bhattacharjee. (2002) Effect of radiation loss on flame spread over a thin PMMA sheet in microgravity. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 29:2, pages 2579-2586.
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Youngjin Son, Linton Honda, Paul Ronney & Suleyman Gokoglu. (2001) Radiation-driven flame spread experiments in the combustion integrated rack on ISS. Radiation-driven flame spread experiments in the combustion integrated rack on ISS.
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Michael A. Delichatsios, Robert A. Altenkirch, Matthew F. Bundy, Subrata Bhattacharjee, Lin Tang & Kurt Sacksteder. (2000) Creeping flame spread along fuel cylinders in forced and natural flows and microgravity. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 28:2, pages 2835-2842.
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Linton K. Honda & Paul D. Ronney. (2000) Mechanisms of concurrent-flow flame spread over solid fuel beds. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 28:2, pages 2793-2801.
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S. Bhattacharjee, R. A. Altenkirch & K. Sacksteder. (1996) The Effect of Ambient Pressure on Flame Spread Over Thin Cellulosic Fuel in a Quiescent, Microgravity Environment. Journal of Heat Transfer 118:1, pages 181-190.
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Michael A. Delichatsios. (1996) Creeping flame spread: Energy balance and application to practical materials. Symposium (International) on Combustion 26:1, pages 1495-1503.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee. (1993) A response to the comments by M. A. Delichatsios on “A comparison of numerical and analytical solution of the creeping flame spread over thermally thin material”. Combustion and Flame 95:3, pages 340.
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Michael A. Delichatsios. (1993) Comments on “A comparison of numerical and analytical solution of creeping flame spread over thermally thin material,” by S. Bhattacharjee. Combustion and Flame 95:3, pages 336-339.
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Subrata Bhattacharjee. (1993) A comparison of numerical and analytical solution of the creeping flame spread over thermally thin material. Combustion and Flame 93:4, pages 434-444.
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