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Ergonomics Volume 40, 1997 - Issue 8
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Original Articles

The effect of keyboard keyswitch make force on applied force and finger flexor muscle activity

DAVID REMPEL Ergonomics Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
,
ELAINE SERINA Ergonomics Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
,
EDWARD KLINENBERG Ergonomics Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
,
BERNARD J. MARTIN The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
,
THOMAS J. ARMSTRONG The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
,
JAMES A. FOULKE The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
&
SIVAKUMARAN NATARAJAN The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
 show all
Pages 800-808 | Published online: 10 Nov 2010

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Che-Hsu Chang, Jung-Der Wang, Jer-Junn Luh & Yaw-Huei Hwang. (2004) Development of a monitoring system for keyboard users' performance. Ergonomics 47:14, pages 1571-1581.
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RobertG. Radwin, WilliamS. Marras & StevenA. Lavender. (2001) Biomechanical aspects of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2:2, pages 153-217.
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K. Ledwoch, S.J. Dancer, J.A. Otter, K. Kerr, D. Roposte & J-Y. Maillard. (2021) How dirty is your QWERTY? The risk of healthcare pathogen transmission from computer keyboards. Journal of Hospital Infection 112, pages 31-36.
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Yi-Chi Liao, Sunjun Kim, Byungjoo Lee & Antti Oulasvirta. (2020) Button Simulation and Design via FDVV Models. Button Simulation and Design via FDVV Models.
Brendan Prendergast, Jack Brooks, James M. Goodman, Maria Boyarinova, Jeremy E. Winberry & Sliman J. Bensmaia. (2019) Finger Posture and Finger Load are Perceived Independently. Scientific Reports 9:1.
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Jean de Dieu B. Mugiraneza, Takenori Maruyama, Takuma Yamamoto & Yasuhiro Sugita. (2019) 44‐3: 3D Piezo‐Capacitive Touch with Capability to Distinguish Conductive and Non‐Conductive Touch Objects for On‐Screen Organic User Interface in LCD and Foldable OLED Display Application. SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 50:1, pages 608-611.
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Sarah M. Coppola, Philippe C. Dixon, Boyi Hu, Michael Y.C. Lin & Jack T. Dennerlein. (2019) Going Short: The Effects of Short-Travel Key Switches on Typing Performance, Typing Force, Forearm Muscle Activity, and User Experience. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 35:2, pages 149-156.
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Kiana Kia, Jonathan Sisley, Peter W. Johnson & Jeong Ho Kim. (2019) Differences in typing forces, muscle activity, wrist posture, typing performance, and self-reported comfort among conventional and ultra-low travel keyboards. Applied Ergonomics 74, pages 10-16.
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Sunjun Kim, Byungjoo Lee & Antti Oulasvirta. (2018) Impact Activation Improves Rapid Button Pressing. Impact Activation Improves Rapid Button Pressing.
Antti Oulasvirta, Sunjun Kim & Byungjoo Lee. (2018) Neuromechanics of a Button Press. Neuromechanics of a Button Press.
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Jonathan Sisley, Kiana Kia, Peter W Johnson & Jeong Ho Kim. (2017) Effects of Key Travel Distances on Biomechanical Exposures and Typing Performance During UltraLow Key Travel Keyboards. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61:1, pages 981-985.
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Tri Pham & Nicholas Kelling. (2016) Mechanical and Membrane Keyboard Typing Assessment Using Surface Electromyography (sEMG). Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 59:1, pages 912-915.
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David M. Kietrys, Michael J. Gerg, Jonathan Dropkin & Judith E. Gold. (2015) Mobile input device type, texting style and screen size influence upper extremity and trapezius muscle activity, and cervical posture while texting. Applied Ergonomics 50, pages 98-104.
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Seiichi Takamatsu, Takahiro Yamashita, Takahiko Imai & Toshihiro Itoh. (2014) Lightweight flexible keyboard with a conductive polymer-based touch sensor fabric. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 220, pages 153-158.
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Jeong Ho Kim & Peter W. Johnson. (2014) Fatigue development in the finger flexor muscle differs between keyboard and mouse use. European Journal of Applied Physiology 114:12, pages 2469-2482.
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Jeong Ho Kim, Lovenoor Aulck, Ornwipa Thamsuwan, Michael C. Bartha & Peter W. Johnson. (2014) The Effect of Key Size of Touch Screen Virtual Keyboards on Productivity, Usability, and Typing Biomechanics. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 56:7, pages 1235-1248.
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Jeong Ho Kim, Lovenoor Aulck, Michael C. Bartha, Christy A. Harper & Peter W. Johnson. (2014) Differences in typing forces, muscle activity, comfort, and typing performance among virtual, notebook, and desktop keyboards. Applied Ergonomics 45:6, pages 1406-1413.
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Curt B. Irwin & Mary E. Sesto. (2012) Performance and touch characteristics of disabled and non-disabled participants during a reciprocal tapping task using touch screen technology. Applied Ergonomics 43:6, pages 1038-1043.
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Jeong Ho Kim, Lovenoor Aulck, Michael C Bartha, Christy A Harper & Peter W Johnson. (2012) Are there Differences in Force Exposures and Typing Productivity between Touchscreen and Conventional Keyboard?. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 56:1, pages 1104-1108.
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Mary E. Sesto, Curtis B. Irwin, Karen B. Chen, Amrish O. Chourasia & Douglas A. Wiegmann. (2012) Effect of Touch Screen Button Size and Spacing on Touch Characteristics of Users With and Without Disabilities. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 54:3, pages 425-436.
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Rafael Guillermo García-Cáceres, Sarah Felknor, Jorge E. Córdoba, Juan P. Caballero & Lope H. Barrero. (2012) Hand anthropometry of the Colombian floriculture workers of the Bogota plateau. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 42:2, pages 183-198.
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Yu Sun. (2011) Fingertip force and contact position and orientation sensor. Fingertip force and contact position and orientation sensor.
Mats P. Englund & Geoffrey R. Patching. (2009) An inexpensive and accurate method of measuring the force of responses in reaction time research. Behavior Research Methods 41:4, pages 1254-1261.
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David L. Lee, Po-Ling Kuo, Devin L. Jindrich & Jack T. Dennerlein. (2009) Computer keyswitch force–displacement characteristics affect muscle activity patterns during index finger tapping. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 19:5, pages 810-820.
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Laura Tomatis, Masaru Nakaseko & Thomas Läubli. (2009) Co-activation and maximal EMG activity of forearm muscles during key tapping. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 39:5, pages 749-755.
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David L. Lee, Jacob Fleisher, Hugh E. McLoone, Kentaro Kotani & Jack T. Dennerlein. (2016) Alternative Computer Mouse Design and Testing to Reduce Finger Extensor Muscle Activity During Mouse Use. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49:4, pages 573-584.
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Gerard P. van Galen, Hanneke Liesker & Ab de Haan. (2007) Effects of a vertical keyboard design on typing performance, user comfort and muscle tension. Applied Ergonomics 38:1, pages 99-107.
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Jacquie Ripat, Tom Scatliff, Ed Giesbrecht, Arthur Quanbury, Margaret Friesen & Sarah Kelso. (2006) The Effect of Alternate Style Keyboards on Severity of Symptoms and Functional Status of Individuals with Work Related Upper Extremity Disorders. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 16:4, pages 707-718.
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Grace P.Y. Szeto, Leon M. Straker & Peter B. O’Sullivan. (2005) The effects of typing speed and force on motor control in symptomatic and asymptomatic office workers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 35:9, pages 779-795.
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Devin L Jindrich, Aruna D Balakrishnan & Jack T Dennerlein. (2004) Effects of keyswitch design and finger posture on finger joint kinematics and dynamics during tapping on computer keyswitches. Clinical Biomechanics 19:6, pages 600-608.
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S. Atkinson, V. Woods, R.A. Haslam & P. Buckle. (2004) Using non-keyboard input devices: interviews with users in the workplace. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 33:6, pages 571-579.
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Benjamin C. AmickIII,III,, Michelle M. Robertson, Kelly DeRango, Lianna Bazzani, Anne Moore, Ted Rooney & Ron Harrist. (2003) Effect of Office Ergonomics Intervention on Reducing Musculoskeletal Symptoms. Spine 28:24, pages 2706-2711.
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Mircea Fagarasanu & Shrawan Kumar. (2003) Carpal tunnel syndrome due to keyboarding and mouse tasks: a review. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 31:2, pages 119-136.
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V. Patoglu & R.B. Gillespie. (2003) The haptic probe: mechanized haptic exploration and automated modeling. The haptic probe: mechanized haptic exploration and automated modeling.
Maxwell Fogleman & R.Jeffrey Lewis. (2002) Factors associated with self-reported musculoskeletal discomfort in video display terminal (VDT) users. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 29:6, pages 311-318.
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Gerard P. Van Galen, Martijn L.T.M. Müller, Ruud G.J. Meulenbroek & Arend W.A. Van Gemmert. (2002) Forearm EMG response activity during motor performance in individuals prone to increased stress reactivity. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 41:5, pages 406-419.
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Michael J Gerard, Thomas J Armstrong, David A Rempel & Chuck Woolley. (2002) Short term and long term effects of enhanced auditory feedback on typing force, EMG, and comfort while typing. Applied Ergonomics 33:2, pages 129-138.
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Brian D. Lowe, J. Steven Moore, Naomi Swanson, Lisa Perez & Margit Alderson. (2016) Relationships between Upper Limb Loading, Physical Findings, and Discomfort Associated with Keyboard Use. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 45:14, pages 1087-1091.
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Florian Jentsch, James M. Hitt & Peter McAlindon. (2016) Force and Displacement Preferences for an Alternative Keyboard. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 45:13, pages 941-944.
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David Rempel, Pat Tittiranonda, Stephen Burastero, Mark Hudes & Yuen So. (1999) Effect of Keyboard Keyswitch Design on Hand Pain. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 41:2, pages 111-119.
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