90
Views
142
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Stress whitening and yielding mechanism of rubber-modified PVC

, &
Pages 387-417 | Received 01 Oct 1976, Published online: 19 Aug 2006

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (6)

Zhikai Zhong, Sixun Zheng, Kejia Yang & Qipeng Guo. (1997) Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) with acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene copolymer. I. Miscibility, phase behavior, and thermal properties. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 36:4, pages 441-454.
Read now
C.E. Schwier, A.S. Argon & R.E. Cohen. (1985) Craze plasticity in a series of polystyrene/polybutadiene di-block copolymers with spherical morphology. Philosophical Magazine A 52:5, pages 581-603.
Read now
Morio Kojima. (1981) Stress whitening in crystalline propylene-ethylene block copolymers. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 19:3, pages 523-541.
Read now
A. J. Kinloch. (1980) Micromechanisms of crack extension in polymers. Metal Science 14:8-9, pages 305-318.
Read now
Alfred Rudin. (1980) Copolymers in Polymer Blends. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C 19:2, pages 267-292.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (136)

Zhen Zhang, Jun Zhang, Lucian A. Lucia & Noureddine Abidi. (2024) Bamboo fiber reinforced poly (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic)/chlorinated polyethylene via compabilization. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 266, pages 131287.
Crossref
Mohammad F. Farahani, Reza Bagheri & Bahereh T. Marouf. (2023) Investigation on the onset and progress of stress whitening in polypropylene using digital image processing. Polymer Bulletin.
Crossref
Majid Mehrabi Mazidi, Mir Karim Razavi Aghjeh & Alessandro Pegoretti. (2023) Toughened ternary and quaternary polymer alloys of core-shell morphology; correlations among processing, microstructure, micromechanics, and macroscopic mechanical performance in reactive systems. Polymer 282, pages 126186.
Crossref
Xiaofei Wang, Yu Jia, Jun Zhang & Hao Chen. (2022) Excellent toughness of rigid polyvinylchloride at low temperature improved by polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 139:46.
Crossref
Yongchao Li, Fei Wang, Jiannan Ren, Yongsheng Hao, Lixin Song, Enhan Xing, Wei Wang, Fei Cong, Yuanxia Wang & Ying Shi. (2022) Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanism of Bimodal-Rubber-Particle-Toughened Polyphenylene Ether/Polystyrene Blends. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 4:12, pages 9085-9094.
Crossref
Sodagudi Francis XavierS.F. Xavier. 2022. Thermoplastic Polymer Composites. Thermoplastic Polymer Composites 1 99 .
Debdatta Ratna. 2022. Recent Advances and Applications of Thermoset Resins. Recent Advances and Applications of Thermoset Resins 293 370 .
Eun-Jeong Park, Il-Jin Kim, Dong-Jin Lee, Jung-Soo Kim & Young-Hee Lee. (2021) Effects of Draw Ratio and Additive CaCO3 Content on Properties of High-Performance PE Monofilament. Fashion & Textile Research Journal 23:2, pages 290-296.
Crossref
Michael Hendrich & Philipp Vana. (2017) Tuning the Mechanical Properties of Multiblock Copolymers Generated by Polyfunctional RAFT Agents. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 302:6, pages 1700018.
Crossref
Jian Yang, Haijin Zhu, Chunbo Zhang, Qianhong Jiang, Ying Zhao, Peng Chen & Dujin Wang. (2016) Transesterification induced mechanical properties enhancement of PLLA/PHBV bio-alloy. Polymer 83, pages 230-238.
Crossref
Michael Hendrich, Lars Lewerdomski & Philipp Vana. (2015) Biomimetic triblock and multiblock copolymers containing l ‐Phenylalanine moieties showing healing and enhanced mechanical properties . Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 53:24, pages 2809-2819.
Crossref
Zhen Zhang, Wenqiang Zhu, Jun Zhang & Tingsheng Tian. (2015) Highly toughened poly (acrylonitrile–styrene–acrylic)/chlorinated polyethylene blends: Mechanical, rheological and thermal properties. Polymer Testing 44, pages 23-29.
Crossref
Raju Thomas, Christophe Sinturel, Sabu Thomas & Elham Mostafa Sadek El Akiaby. 2014. Micro‐ and Nanostructured Epoxy/Rubber Blends. Micro‐ and Nanostructured Epoxy/Rubber Blends 1 30 .
Ali Gharieh, Ali Reza Mahdavian & Hamid Salehi-Mobarakeh. (2013) Preparation of core–shell impact modifier particles for PVC with nanometric shell thickness through seeded emulsion polymerization. Iranian Polymer Journal 23:1, pages 27-35.
Crossref
S. F. Xavier. 2014. Polymer Blends Handbook. Polymer Blends Handbook 1031 1201 .
Lixin Song, Liang Ren, Mingyao Zhang, Sulin Sun, Guanghui Gao, Yu Gui, Lixia Zhang & Huixuan Zhang. (2013) Effect of Entanglement Density on Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Rubber-Modified PVC/α-MSAN Blends. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52:35, pages 12567-12573.
Crossref
Zhen Zhang, Shuangjun Chen & Jun Zhang. (2013) Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) with α‐methylstyrene‐acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer: Thermal properties, mechanical properties, and morphology. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 19:1, pages 1-10.
Crossref
Chao Zhou, Yunxia Gao, Xiaoxue Qi, Zhiyong Tan, Shulin Sun & Huixuan Zhang. (2013) Phase separation of impact‐modified PVC/PMMA blends under melt‐blending conditions. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 19:1, pages 11-17.
Crossref
Goerg H. Michler & Francisco J. Baltá-CallejaGoerg H. Michler & Francisco J. Baltá-Calleja. 2012. Nano- and Micromechanics of Polymers. Nano- and Micromechanics of Polymers 315 368 .
Goerg H. Michler & Francisco J. Baltá-CallejaGoerg H. Michler & Francisco J. Baltá-Calleja. 2012. Nano- and Micromechanics of Polymers. Nano- and Micromechanics of Polymers 315 368 .
X.Y. Xu & X.F. Xu. (2011) Mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene under Izod impact test and uniaxial tension at various strain rates. Polymer Engineering & Science 51:5, pages 902-907.
Crossref
Huijun Xu, Songchao Tang, Long Yang & Wenting Hou. (2010) Toughening of polycarbonate by core‐shell latex particles: Influence of particle size and spatial distribution on brittle‐ductile transition. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 48:18, pages 1970-1977.
Crossref
Shuo WANG, Zhe LIU, Mingyao ZHANG, Zhenhua JIANG & Huixuan ZHANG. (2009) EFFECT OF COMPOSITION OF SAN COPOLYMER ON THE MISCIBILITY OF PVC/ABS BLENDS. Acta Polymerica Sinica 007:1, pages 31-37.
Crossref
M. R. Moghbeli & Sh. Tolue. (2009) Effect of acrylic core–shell rubber particles on the particulate flow and toughening of PVC. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 113:4, pages 2590-2597.
Crossref
Jia (Daniel) Liu, Hung-Jue Sue, Zachary J. Thompson, Frank S. Bates, Marv Dettloff, George Jacob, Nikhil Verghese & Ha Pham. (2008) Nanocavitation in Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Block Copolymer-Modified Epoxy. Macromolecules 41:20, pages 7616-7624.
Crossref
Gunter ErhardGunter Erhard. 2008. Konstruieren mit Kunststoffen. Konstruieren mit Kunststoffen 35 72 .
Chao Zhou, Ming Chen, Mingyao Zhang & Huixuan Zhang. (2007) Properties of rubber-toughened Polyvinyl chloride blends based on core-shell modifier with different particle morphology. Polymer Bulletin 59:5, pages 699-708.
Crossref
N.L. Surampadi, T.C. Pesacreta & R.D.K. Misra. (2007) The determining role of scratch indenter radius on surface deformation of high density polyethylene and calcium carbonate-reinforced composite. Materials Science and Engineering: A 456:1-2, pages 218-229.
Crossref
Guanghui Gao, Jingshu Zhang, Haidong Yang, Chao Zhou & Huixuan Zhang. (2006) Deformation mechanism of polystyrene toughened with sub‐micrometer monodisperse rubber particles. Polymer International 55:11, pages 1215-1221.
Crossref
C. Zhou, M. Chen, Z.Y. Tan, S.L. Sun, Y.H. Ao, M.Y. Zhang, H.D. Yang & H.X. Zhang. (2006) The influence of arrangement of St in MBS on the properties of PVC/MBS blends. European Polymer Journal 42:8, pages 1811-1818.
Crossref
Xu Dong Chen, Jia Sheng Wang & Jia Rui Shen. (2006) Effect of the Shell Thickness of Methacrylate-Butadiene-Styrene Core–Shell Impact Modifier on Toughening Polyvinyl Chloride. Journal of Polymer Research 13:4, pages 335-341.
Crossref
Azman Hassan & Barry Haworth. (2006) Impact properties of acrylate rubber-modified PVC: Influence of temperature. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 172:3, pages 341-345.
Crossref
C. Zhou, X. Y. Bao, Z. Y. Tan, S. L. Sun, Y. H. Ao, H. D. Yang & H. X. Zhang. (2006) Transition from crazing to shear deformation in ABS/PVC blends. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 44:4, pages 687-695.
Crossref
Gunter ErhardGunter Erhard. 2006. Designing with Plastics. Designing with Plastics 31 69 .
Gunter ErhardGunter Erhard. 2006. Designing with Plastics. Designing with Plastics 31 69 .
W Heckmann, G McKee, F Ramsteiner, C Harrats, G Groeninckx, J Karger-Kocsis, Z Zhang, K Schulte, M Nolte, T Bernal-Lara, A Ranade, A Hiltner, E Baer, P Hine & I Ward. 2005. Mechanical Properties of Polymers based on Nanostructure and Morphology. Mechanical Properties of Polymers based on Nanostructure and Morphology.
Qiang Gu, Quan Lin, Chunling Hu & Bai Yang. (2004) Study on emulsion and suspension in situ polymerization . Journal of Applied Polymer Science 95:2, pages 404-412.
Crossref
R.D.K Misra, R Hadal & S.J Duncan. (2004) Surface damage behavior during scratch deformation of mineral reinforced polymer composites. Acta Materialia 52:14, pages 4363-4376.
Crossref
H. Nathani, A. Dasari & R.D.K. Misra. (2004) On the reduced susceptibility to stress whitening behavior of melt intercalated polybutene–clay nanocomposites during tensile straining. Acta Materialia 52:11, pages 3217-3227.
Crossref
A. Dasari & R.D.K. Misra. (2004) The role of micrometric wollastonite particles on stress whitening behavior of polypropylene composites. Acta Materialia 52:6, pages 1683-1697.
Crossref
S. F. Xavier. 2003. Polymer Blends Handbook. Polymer Blends Handbook 861 950 .
Albert F. Yee & Hung‐Jue Sue. 2002. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology.
Jong Keun Lee, Jong Hyun Kim, H.‐C. Chu & Kook D. Pae. (2004) Macroscopic observation of healing process in stress‐whitened polypropylene under hydrostatic pressure. Polymer Engineering & Science 42:12, pages 2351-2360.
Crossref
P.‐Y. B. Jar, D. C. Creagh, K. Konishi & T. Shinmura. (2002) Mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms in high thermal resistant poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) under static tension and Izod impact. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 85:1, pages 17-24.
Crossref
P.‐Y. Ben Jar, R. Lee, D. C. Creagh, K. Konishi & T. Shinmura. (2001) Identification of deformation behavior in high‐thermal‐resistant poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (ABS). Journal of Applied Polymer Science 81:6, pages 1316-1321.
Crossref
E. Wimolmala, J. Wootthikanokkhan & N. Sombatsompop. (2001) Effects of composition and temperature on extrudate characteristics, morphology, and tensile properties of acrylic rubber–blended PVC. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 80:13, pages 2523-2534.
Crossref
Z.H Liu, L.X Wu, K.W Kwok, X.G Zhu, Z.N Qi, C.L Choy & F.S Wang. (2001) Effects of interfacial adhesion on the rubber toughening of poly(vinyl chloride) Part 2. Low-speed tensile tests. Polymer 42:4, pages 1719-1724.
Crossref
Zhehui Liu, Xiaoguang Zhu, Lixin Wu, Ying Li, Zongneng Qi, Chungloon Choy & Fosong Wang. (2001) Effects of interfacial adhesion on the rubber toughening of poly(vinyl chloride) Part 1. Impact tests. Polymer 42:2, pages 737-746.
Crossref
H. Keskkula, D. R. Paul & J. W. Barlow. 2001. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
G.‐X. Wei & H.‐J. Sue. (2004) Fracture behavior of styrene‐ethylene‐propylene rubber‐toughened polypropylene. Polymer Engineering & Science 40:9, pages 1979-1988.
Crossref
K. D. Pae, H.‐C. Chu, J. K. Lee & J.‐H. Kim. (2004) Healing of stress‐whitening in polyethylene and polypropylene at or below room temperature. Polymer Engineering & Science 40:8, pages 1783-1795.
Crossref
E. Crawford & A.J. Lesser. (2000) Mechanics of rubber particle cavitation in toughened polyvinylchloride (PVC). Polymer 41:15, pages 5865-5870.
Crossref
J. Lu, G.-X. Wei, H.-J. Sue & J. Chu. (2000) Toughening mechanisms in commercial thermoplastic polyolefin blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 76:3, pages 311-319.
Crossref
G.-X. Wei, H.-J. Sue, J. Chu, C. Huang & K. Gong. (2000) Toughening and strengthening of polypropylene using the rigid–rigid polymer toughening concept Part I. Morphology and mechanical property investigations. Polymer 41:8, pages 2947-2960.
Crossref
Keqin Xiao & Lin Ye. (2004) Rate‐effect on fracture behavior of core‐shell‐rubber (CSR)‐modified epoxies. Polymer Engineering & Science 40:1, pages 70-81.
Crossref
Kuo-Chan Chiou, Shoei-Chin Wu, Hew-Der Wu & Feng-Chih Chang. (1999) Compatibilization and elastomer toughening of polyamide-6 (PA6)/poly(phenylene ether) (PPE) blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 74:1, pages 23-32.
Crossref
P.-Y. B. Jar, R. Lee, T. Shinmura & K. Konishi. (1999) Rubber particle cavitation on toughness enhancement of SMI-modified poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene). Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 37:14, pages 1739-1748.
Crossref
L. B�cu-Longuet, A. Bonnet, C. Pichot, H. Sautereau & A. Maazouz. (1999) Epoxy networks toughened by core-Shell particles: Influence of the particle structure and size on the rheological and mechanical properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 72:6, pages 849-858.
Crossref
Z.H Liu, R.K.Y Li, S.C Tjong, C.L Choy, X.G Zhu, Z.N Qi & F.S Wang. (1999) Influence of particle dispersion on the matrix ligament thickness of polymer blends. Polymer 40:11, pages 2903-2915.
Crossref
P.-Y. B. Jar, R. Y. Wu, T. Kuboki, K. Takahashi & T. Shinmura. (1999) Toughness of SMI-modified ABS alloys and the associated deformation behavior. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 71:10, pages 1543-1553.
Crossref
G.-X. Wei, H.-J. Sue & J. Chu. Toughening of Polypropylene Using the Rigid Thermoplastic Noryl PPO. Toughening of Polypropylene Using the Rigid Thermoplastic Noryl PPO.
S. G�hant & R. Schirrer. (1999) Multiple light scattering and cavitation in two phase tough polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 37:2, pages 113-126.
Crossref
G.-M Kim & G.H Michler. (1998) Micromechanical deformation processes in toughened and particle filled semicrystalline polymers: Part 2. model representation for micromechanical deformation processes. Polymer 39:23, pages 5699-5703.
Crossref
Z.H. Liu, X.D. Zhang, X.G. Zhu, R.K.Y. Li, Z.N. Qi, F.S. Wang & C.L. Choy. (1998) Effect of morphology on the brittle ductile transition of polymer blends: 2. Analysis on poly(vinyl chloride)/nitrile rubber blends. Polymer 39:21, pages 5019-5025.
Crossref
Z.H. Liu, X.D. Zhang, X.G. Zhu, R.K.Y. Li, Z.N. Qi, F.S. Wang & C.L. Choy. (1998) Effect of morphology on the brittle ductile transition of polymer blends: 4. Influence of the rubber particle spatial distribution in poly(vinyl chloride)/nitrile rubber blends. Polymer 39:21, pages 5035-5045.
Crossref
Z.H. Liu, X.D. Zhang, X.G. Zhu, Z.N. Qi, F.S. Wang, R.K.Y. Li & C.L. Choy. (1998) Effect of morphology on the brittle ductile transition of polymer blends: 6. Influence of rubber particle spatial distribution on the toughening and stiffening efficiency of poly(vinyl chloride)/nitrile rubber blends. Polymer 39:21, pages 5047-5052.
Crossref
Z.H. Liu, X.D. Zhang, X.G. Zhu, Z.N. Qi, F.S. Wang, R.K.Y. Li & C.L. Choy. (1998) Effect of morphology on the brittle ductile transition of polymer blends: 3. The influence of rubber particle spatial distribution on the fracture behaviour of poly(vinyl chloride)/nitrile rubber blends. Polymer 39:21, pages 5027-5033.
Crossref
A.C. Steenbrink, V.M. Litvinov & R.J. Gaymans. (1998) Toughening of SAN with acrylic core-shell rubber particles: particle size effect or cross-link density?. Polymer 39:20, pages 4817-4825.
Crossref
Z.H. Liu, X.G. Zhu, Q. Li, Z.N. Qi & F.S. Wang. (1998) Effect of morphology on the brittle ductile transition of polymer blends: 5. The role of CaCO3 particle size distribution in high density polyethylene/CaCO3 composites. Polymer 39:10, pages 1863-1868.
Crossref
H.-J. Sue, J. Lu, K. Sehanobish & J. Chuh. Impact Fracture Mechanisms in TPO Blends. Impact Fracture Mechanisms in TPO Blends.
Z.H. Liu, R.K.Y. Li, S.C. Tjong, Z.N. Qi, F.S. Wang & C.L. Choy. (1998) Influence of particle dispersion on the matrix ligament thickness of polymer blends. 1. The configuration of well-dispersed particles versus simple cubic lattice. Polymer 39:18, pages 4433-4436.
Crossref
R. Schirrer, R. Lenke & J. Boudouaz. (2004) Study of mechanical damage in rubber‐toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) by single and multiple scattering of light. Polymer Engineering & Science 37:10, pages 1748-1760.
Crossref
S. Bensason, A. Hiltner & E. Baer. (1997) Damage zone in PVC and PVC/MBS blends. I. The effect of rubber content and temperature. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 63:6, pages 703-713.
Crossref
C. B. Bucknall. 1997. The Physics of Glassy Polymers. The Physics of Glassy Polymers 363 412 .
Akira Takaki, Hideo Yasui & Ikuo Narisawa. (2004) Fracture and impact strength of poly(vinyl chloride)/methyl methacrylate/butadiene/styrene polymer blends. Polymer Engineering & Science 37:1, pages 105-119.
Crossref
R. Schirrer, C. Fond & A. Lobbrecht. (1996) Volume change and light scattering during mechanical damage in polymethylmethacrylate toughened with core-shell rubber particles. Journal of Materials Science 31:24, pages 6409-6422.
Crossref
Jaroslav Holoubek, Ji?� Kotek & Miroskav Raab. (1996) Light scattering by optically heterogeneous polymer systems: stress whitening in polypropylene materials. Polymer Bulletin 37:5, pages 631-638.
Crossref
H.-Y. Jeong & J. Pan. (1995) A macroscopic constitutive law for porous solids with pressure-sensitive matrices and its implications to plastic flow localization. International Journal of Solids and Structures 32:24, pages 3669-3691.
Crossref
R. P. Kambour, J. M. Caraher, C. L. Fasoldt, G. T. Seeger, N. M. Sowa & D. M. White. (2003) Rheological and mechanical properties of antiplasticized and rubber‐toughened bisphenol A polycarbonate. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33:3, pages 425-431.
Crossref
A. Lazzeri & C.B. Bucknall. (1995) Applications of a dilatational yielding model to rubber-toughened polymers. Polymer 36:15, pages 2895-2902.
Crossref
T. J. Bohatka & A. Moet. (1995) The effect of load level on the mechanism of fatigue crack propagation in ABS. Journal of Materials Science 30:18, pages 4676-4683.
Crossref
A. J. Kinloch & R. J. YoungA. J. Kinloch & R. J. Young. 1995. Fracture Behaviour of Polymers. Fracture Behaviour of Polymers 107 146 .
D. Dompas, G. Groeninckx, M. Isogawa, T. Hasegawa & M. Kadokura. (1994) Toughening behaviour of rubber-modified thermoplastic polymers involving very small rubber particles: 2. Rubber cavitation behaviour in poly(vinyl chloride)/methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene graft copolymer blends. Polymer 35:22, pages 4750-4759.
Crossref
D. Dompas & G. Groeninckx. (1994) Toughening behaviour of rubber-modified thermoplastic polymers involving very small rubber particles: 1. A criterion for internal rubber cavitation. Polymer 35:22, pages 4743-4749.
Crossref
C. B. Bucknall, A. Karpodinis & X. C. Zhang. (2004) A model for particle cavitation in rubber-toughened plastics. Journal of Materials Science 29:13, pages 3377-3383.
Crossref
Akira Takaki, Toshihiko Hasegawa, Masataka Isogawa & Ikuo Narisawa. (2004) Fracture behavior of poly(vinyl chloride)/methyl methacrylate/butadiene/styrene polymer blends. Polymer Engineering & Science 34:8, pages 680-690.
Crossref
F. Martinatti & T. Ricco. (1994) High-rate fracture toughness of polypropylene-based, hybrid, particulate composites. Journal of Materials Science 29:2, pages 442-448.
Crossref
R. G. Hill. (1994) The role of microstructure on the fracture toughness and fracture behaviour of rubber-reinforced acrylics. Journal of Materials Science 29:11, pages 3062-3070.
Crossref
I. Walker & A. A. Collyer. 1994. Rubber Toughened Engineering Plastics. Rubber Toughened Engineering Plastics 29 56 .
A. Lazzeri & C. B. Bucknall. (2004) Dilatational bands in rubber-toughened polymers. Journal of Materials Science 28:24, pages 6799-6808.
Crossref
M.-F. Cheung, A. Golovoy, V.E. Mindroiu, H.K. PlummerJrJr & H. van Oene. (1993) Polysulfone and poly(phenylene sulfide) blends: 3. Rubber toughening. Polymer 34:18, pages 3809-3813.
Crossref
H. -J. Sue & A. F. Yee. (1993) Study of fracture mechanisms of multiphase polymers using the double-notch four-point-bending method. Journal of Materials Science 28:11, pages 2975-2980.
Crossref
S. Bensason, A. Tse, A. Hiltner & E. Baer. (2004) Damage zone evolution of PVC/MBS blends. Journal of Vinyl Technology 14:4, pages 207-210.
Crossref
Y. W. Lee & S. H. Kung. (2003) Elimination of stress whitening in high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46:1, pages 9-18.
Crossref
Feng‐Chin Chang, Jiann‐Shing Wu & Line‐Hwa Chu. (2003) Fracture and impact properties of polycarbonates and MBS elastomer‐modified polycarbonates. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44:3, pages 491-504.
Crossref
Hung‐Jue Sue. (2004) Study of rubber‐modified brittle epoxy systems. Part II: Toughening mechanisms under mode‐I fracture. Polymer Engineering & Science 31:4, pages 275-288.
Crossref
C. Wrotecki, P. Heim & P. Gaillard. (2004) Rubber toughening of poly(methyl methacrylate). Part I: Effect of the size and hard layer composition of the rubber particles. Polymer Engineering & Science 31:4, pages 213-217.
Crossref
Beta Y. Ni, T. Y. Zhang & J. C. M. Li. (2011) Testing of Fracture Resistance of Materials. MRS Proceedings 226.
Crossref
D.S. Parker, H-J. Sue, J. Huang & A.F. Yee. (1990) Toughening mechanisms in core-shell rubber modified polycarbonate. Polymer 31:12, pages 2267-2277.
Crossref
O. Mauzac & R. Schirrer. (1990) Crack-tip damaged zones in rubber-toughened amorphous polymers: a micromechanical model. Journal of Materials Science 25:12, pages 5125-5133.
Crossref
Harald J. Biangardi, Harald Sturm & Georg Kostersitz. (2003) TRANSPARENTE POLYMERE MEHRPHASENSYSTEME. Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 183:1, pages 221-241.
Crossref
C. B. Bucknall. (2011) Fracture resistance in rubber‐toughened polymers. Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 38:1, pages 1-15.
Crossref
C. C. Chen & J. A. Sauer. (2003) Yield and fracture mechanisms in ABS. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40:3-4, pages 503-521.
Crossref
J. H. Kim, H. Keskkula & D. R. Paul. (2003) Toughening of SMA copolymers with an SAN‐grafted rubber. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40:1-2, pages 183-201.
Crossref
O. Mauzac & R. Schirrer. (2003) Effect of particle volume fraction on crack‐tip crazes in high impact poly(methyl methacrylate). Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38:12, pages 2289-2302.
Crossref
J. H. Kim, J. W. Barlow & D. R. Paul. (2003) Miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride) with styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27:11, pages 2211-2227.
Crossref
Clive B. Bucknall, Patricia S. Heather & Andrea Lazzeri. (1989) Rubber toughening of plastics. Journal of Materials Science 24:6, pages 2255-2261.
Crossref
Hung -Jue Sue & Albert F. Yee. (1989) Toughening mechanisms in a multi-phase alloy of nylon 6,6/polyphenylene oxide. Journal of Materials Science 24:4, pages 1447-1457.
Crossref
Clive B. Bucknall. 1989. Comprehensive Polymer Science and Supplements. Comprehensive Polymer Science and Supplements 27 49 .
Georg Menges. (2011) Polymer alloys: Influence of processing on structure and characteristics. Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 23:1, pages 13-35.
Crossref
K. T. Varughese, G. B. Nando, P. P. De & S. K. Sanyal. (1988) Miscible blends from rigid poly(vinyl chloride) and epoxidized natural rubber. Journal of Materials Science 23:11, pages 3903-3909.
Crossref
J. W. Smith, T. Kaiser & A. C. Roulin-Moloiney. (1988) Deformation-induced volume damage in particulate-filled epoxy resins. Journal of Materials Science 23:11, pages 3833-3842.
Crossref
Clive B. Bucknall. (2011) Brittle‐tough transition temperatures in impact tests on rubber‐toughened plastics. Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 16:1, pages 209-224.
Crossref
G. Levita, A. Marchetti, A. Lazzeri & V. Frosini. (2004) Ternary blends in the toughening of epoxy resins. Polymer Composites 8:3, pages 141-148.
Crossref
A. F. Yee & R. A. Pearson. (1986) Toughening mechanisms in elastomer-modified epoxies. Journal of Materials Science 21:7, pages 2462-2474.
Crossref
D. L. Wilfong, A. Hiltner & E. Baer. (1986) Toughening of polyester resins through blending with polyolefins. Journal of Materials Science 21:6, pages 2014-2026.
Crossref
Robert A. Bubeck, Joseph A. Blazy, Edward J. Kramer, Donald J. BuckleyJrJr & Hugh R. Brown. (2011) Real Time Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Measurements of Hips and ABS During Tensile Impact. MRS Proceedings 79.
Crossref
E. Butta, G. Levita, A. Marchetti & A. Lazzeri. (2004) Morphology and mechanical properties of amine‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile/epoxy blends. Polymer Engineering & Science 26:1, pages 63-73.
Crossref
G. H. Michler. (2003) Mechanismen der plastischen deformation in kautschukmodifizierten schlagzähen polymeren. Acta Polymerica 36:5, pages 285-293.
Crossref
George H. Hofmann. 1985. Polymer Blends and Mixtures. Polymer Blends and Mixtures 117 148 .
Hans Breuer. 1985. Polymer Blends and Mixtures. Polymer Blends and Mixtures 383 392 .
A. Siegmann, L. K. English, E. Baer & A. Hiltner. (2004) Impact modification of poly(vinyl chloride) with chlorinated polyethylene II. Irreversible deformation. Polymer Engineering & Science 24:11, pages 877-885.
Crossref
C. B. Bucknall & A. Marchetti. (2004) A novel hysteresis test for studying crazing and shear yielding in rubber‐toughened polymers. Polymer Engineering & Science 24:8, pages 535-540.
Crossref
G.M. Lukovkin, A.L. Volynskii & N.F. Bakeyev. (1983) Mechanism of increasing the impact strength of plastics using rubber dispersions. Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 25:4, pages 985-994.
Crossref
C.B. Bucknall. (2016) The Effective Use of Rubbers as Toughening Agents for Plastics. Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 14:4, pages 204-221.
Crossref
Athene M. Donald & Edward J. Kramer. (1982) Plastic deformation mechanisms in poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene) [ABS]. Journal of Materials Science 17:6, pages 1765-1772.
Crossref
B.W. Cherry & Teoh Swee Hin. (1981) Stress whitening in polyethylene. Polymer 22:12, pages 1610-1612.
Crossref
A. Pavan, T. Riccò & M. Rink. (1981) High performance polymer blends II: Density, elastic modulus, glass transition temperatures and heat deflection temperature of polyvinylchloride-(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) blends. Materials Science and Engineering 48:1, pages 9-15.
Crossref
A. Pavan, T. Riccò & M. Rink. (1980) High performance polymer blends I: The impact behaviour of blends of polyvinylchloride and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers as a function of the composition of the (Styrene-Acrylonitrile) copolymer-butadiene rubber-polyvinylchloride system. Materials Science and Engineering 45:3, pages 201-209.
Crossref
D.L. HunstonJ.L. BitnerJ.L. RushfordJ. OroshnikW.S. Rose. (2016) Fracture of Rubber-Toughened Adhesives: Viscoelastic Effects. Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 12:3, pages 133-149.
Crossref
W. R. Pechhold. (1980) Mäandertheorie der Polymerschmelze. Colloid and Polymer Science 258:3, pages 269-288.
Crossref
W.Jan Coumans, Derk Heikens & S Dirk^Sjoerdsma. (1980) Dilatometric investigation of deformation mechanisms in polystyrene-polyethylene block copolymer blends: correlation between Poisson ratio and adhesion. Polymer 21:1, pages 103-108.
Crossref
V. E. Malpass & S. K. Gaggar. (2008) Low temperature impact modification of injection molding PVC. Journal of Vinyl Technology 1:2, pages 112-118.
Crossref
Hans Breuer & Joachim Stabenow. (2003) Schädigungskriterien glasiger polymer im hinblick auf deren schlagzähmodifizierung. Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 78:1, pages 45-65.
Crossref
Burghard J. Schmitt. (2003) Polymer Alloys—Their Structure, Morphology, and Properties. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 18:4, pages 273-295.
Crossref
Burghard J. Schmitt. (2006) Polymerlegierungen – Struktur, Morphologie, Eigenschaften. Angewandte Chemie 91:4, pages 286-309.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.