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Journal of Microwave Power Volume 11, 1976 - Issue 3
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Articles

The Insensitivity of Frog Heart Rate to pulse Modulated Microwave Energy

L. M. LiuDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Washington University; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia, RichmondVirginia, 23298
,
F. J. RosenbaumDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
&
W. F. PickardDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103
Pages 225-232 | Received 24 Feb 1976, Published online: 17 Jun 2016

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Norbert J. Roberts, Sol M. Michaelson & Shin-Tsu Lu. (1986) The Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation: A Critical Review and Recommendations. International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine 50:3, pages 379-420.
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Articles from other publishers (19)

R.L. Seaman & J.R. Jauchem. (2004) Rat Electrocardiogram During Acute Exposure to Synchronized Bursts of Ultra-Wideband Pulses. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 32:4, pages 1644-1652.
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Shin-Tsu Lu & John O. de Lorge. 2000. Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems. Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems 207 264 .
A. L. Bottomley, S. J. Neely, S. J. Wood & J. E. H. Tattersall. 1999. Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine. Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine 477 479 .
Peter Polson & Louis N. Heynick. 1995. Radiofrequency Radiation Standards. Radiofrequency Radiation Standards 337 388 .
Andrei G. Pakhomov, Boris V. Dubovick, Igor G. Degtyariov & Anatoly N. Pronkevich. (1995) Microwave influence on the isolated heart function: II. Combined effect of radiation and some drugs. Bioelectromagnetics 16:4, pages 250-254.
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Jean‐Louis Schwartz & Geoffrey A. R. Mealing. (2005) Calcium‐ion movement and contractility in atrial strips of frog heart are not affected by low‐frequency‐modulated, 1 GHz electromagnetic radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 14:6, pages 521-533.
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Ronald L. Seaman & Robert L. Dehaan. (2005) Inter‐beat intervals of cardiac‐cell aggregates during exposure to 2.45 GHz CW, pulsed, and square‐wave‐modulated microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics 14:1, pages 41-55.
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R.L. Seaman, E.C. Burdette & R.L. Dehaan. (1989) Open-ended coaxial exposure device for applying RF/microwave fields to very small biological preparations. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 37:1, pages 102-111.
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Kuo‐Chiang Yee, Chung‐Kwang Chou & Arthur W. Guy. (2005) Influence of microwaves on the beating rate of isolated rat hearts. Bioelectromagnetics 9:2, pages 175-181.
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Sol M. Michaelson & James C. LinSol M. Michaelson & James C. Lin. 1987. Biological Effects and Health Implications of Radiofrequency Radiation. Biological Effects and Health Implications of Radiofrequency Radiation 451 488 .
A. Caddemi, C. C. Tamburello, L. Zanforlin & M. V. Torregrossa. (2005) Microwave effects on isolated chick embryo hearts. Bioelectromagnetics 7:4, pages 359-367.
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K. C. Yee, C. K. Chou & A. W. Guy. (1984) Effect of microwave radiation on the beating rate of isolated frog hearts. Bioelectromagnetics 5:2, pages 263-270.
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David A. Kloss & Edwin L. Carstensen. (1983) Effects of ELF Electric Fields on the Isolated Frog Heart. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering BME-30:6, pages 347-348.
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M. J. Galvin, M. S. Dutton & D. I. McRee. (2005) Influence of 2.45‐GHz CW microwave radiation on spontaneously beating rat atria. Bioelectromagnetics 3:2, pages 219-226.
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Charles A. Cain. (2005) Biological effects of oscillating electric fields: Role of voltage‐sensitive ion channels. Bioelectromagnetics 2:1, pages 23-32.
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C.A. Cain. (1980) A Theoretical Basis for Microwave and RF Field Effects on Excitable Cellular Membranes. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 28:2, pages 142-147.
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Ernest R. Whitcomb, Carl F. Blackman & Claude M. Weil. (2012) Contraction of smooth muscle in a microwave field. Radio Science 14:6S, pages 155-158.
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Chung-Kwang Chou & A.W. Guy. (1978) Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Isolated Nerve and Muscle Preparations. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 26:3, pages 141-147.
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James R. ReedIIIIII, James L. Lords & Carl H. Durney. (2012) Microwave irradiation of the isolated rat heart after treatment with ANS blocking agents. Radio Science 12:6S, pages 161-165.
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