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Nastaran Naderirad, Behrouz Abdoli, Alireza Farsi & Hamidollah Hassanlouei. (2023) The effect of instructional and motivational self-talk on accuracy and electromyography of active and passive muscles in elbow joint position sense test. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 21:4, pages 600-615.
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Martin Keller, Jonas Schweizer & Markus Gerber. (2023) Pay attention! The influence of coach-, content-, and player-related factors on focus of attention statements during tennis training. European Journal of Sport Science 23:6, pages 1001-1009.
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Christopher A. Aiken & Kevin A. Becker. (2023) Utilising an internal focus of attention during preparation and an external focus during execution may facilitate motor learning. European Journal of Sport Science 23:2, pages 259-266.
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Harjiv Singh, Hui-Ting Shih, Elmar Kal, Tim Bennett & Gabriele Wulf. (2022) A distal external focus of attention facilitates compensatory coordination of body parts. Journal of Sports Sciences 40:20, pages 2282-2291.
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Harjiv Singh & Gabriele Wulf. (2022) Mind over body: Creating an external focus for sport skills. European Journal of Sport Science 22:4, pages 610-616.
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Jongseong An, Lee-Kuen Chua & Gabriele Wulf. (2021) Optimising golf putting. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 19:5, pages 882-894.
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Jed A. Diekfuss, Christopher K. Rhea, Randy J. Schmitz, Dustin R. Grooms, Robin W. Wilkins, Alexis B. Slutsky & Louisa D. Raisbeck. (2019) The Influence of Attentional Focus on Balance Control over Seven Days of Training. Journal of Motor Behavior 51:3, pages 281-292.
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Takehiro Iwatsuki, James W. Navalta & Gabriele Wulf. (2019) Autonomy enhances running efficiency. Journal of Sports Sciences 37:6, pages 685-691.
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Israel Halperin, Dale W. Chapman, David T. Martin & Chris Abbiss. (2017) The effects of attentional focus instructions on punching velocity and impact forces among trained combat athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences 35:5, pages 500-507.
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Gabriele Wulf. (2016) An external focus of attention is a conditio sine qua non for athletes: a response to Carson, Collins, and Toner (2015). Journal of Sports Sciences 34:13, pages 1293-1295.
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Reza Abdollahipour, Gabriele Wulf, Rudolf Psotta & Miriam Palomo Nieto. (2015) Performance of gymnastics skill benefits from an external focus of attention. Journal of Sports Sciences 33:17, pages 1807-1813.
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Martin Keller, Benedikt Lauber, Marius Gottschalk & Wolfgang Taube. (2015) Enhanced jump performance when providing augmented feedback compared to an external or internal focus of attention. Journal of Sports Sciences 33:10, pages 1067-1075.
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Anne Ille, Ingrid Selin, Manh-Cuong Do & Bernard Thon. (2013) Attentional focus effects on sprint start performance as a function of skill level. Journal of Sports Sciences 31:15, pages 1705-1712.
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Gabriele Wulf. (2013) Attentional focus and motor learning: a review of 15 years. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 6:1, pages 77-104.
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Isabelle Stoate, Gabriele Wulf & Rebecca Lewthwaite. (2012) Enhanced expectancies improve movement efficiency in runners. Journal of Sports Sciences 30:8, pages 815-823.
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Stephen Banks, Peter Higgins, John Sproule & Ursula Pool. (2024) Resolving the Centipede’s Dilemma: external focus distance and expertise in applied, continuous skills. Psychological Research.
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Alex Rizzato, Giovanni Cantarella, Elisa Basso, Antonio Paoli, Luca Rotundo, Patrizia Bisiacchi & Giuseppe Marcolin. (2024) Relationship between intended force and actual force: comparison between athletes and non-athletes. PeerJ 12, pages e17156.
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Jerzy Sadowski, Paulina Szyszka, Hubert Makaruk, Marcin Starzak & Tomasz Niźnikowski. (2024) The Effects of Holistic, External, and Internal Attentional Focus Instructions on Power and Kinematics
of the Hang Power Snatch in Highly Skilled Weightlifters. Journal of Human Kinetics 91, pages 77-86.
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Donghoon Lee, Sungbae Jo & Changho Song. (2023) The Effect of Abdominal Contraction and Relaxation on The Muscle Activity of The Scapulothoracic Joint Muscle and Abdominal Muscle during Push-Up Plus Exercise. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science 12:4, pages 454-464.
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Andrew J. Strick, Logan T. Markwell, Hubert Makaruk & Jared M. Porter. (2023) The location of an internal focus of attention differentially affects motor performance. PLOS ONE 18:11, pages e0294246.
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Derrick G. Sueki, Kim Dunleavy, Emilio J. Puentedura, Lindsey Heard, Peter Van der Heide & Ming-Shun Cheng. (2023) Differing Effects of Nociception and Pain Memory on Isometric Muscle Strength in Participants With and Without a History of Injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 102:9, pages 787-794.
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Johnny V. V. Parr, Germano Gallicchio, Andrés Canales‐Johnson, Liis Uiga & Greg Wood. (2023) Cortical, muscular, and kinetic activity underpinning attentional focus strategies during visuomotor control. Psychophysiology 60:6.
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Victoria Gottwald, Marianne Davies & Robin Owen. (2023) Every story has two sides: evaluating information processing and ecological dynamics perspectives of focus of attention in skill acquisition. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 5.
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Aniuska Schiavo, Lucas Athaydes Martins, Luís Eduardo Wearick-Silva, Rodrigo Orso, Léder Leal Xavier & Régis Gemerasca Mestriner. (2023) Can anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory predict the extremes of skilled walking performance in mice? An exploratory, preliminary study. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 17.
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Ayse Nur Ay & Mustafa Zahid Yildiz. (2022) The performance of an electromyography‐based deep neural network classifier for external and internal focus instructions. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 35:2.
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Anna Détári. (2023) Treating the musician rather than the symptom: The holistic tools employed by current practices to attend to the non-motor problems of musicians with task-specific focal dystonia. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
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Fatin Razak, Maisarah Mod Saleh, Nur Atikah Mohamed Kassim, Rozella Ab Razak, Hosni Hasan & Cyndra Robert Budull. 2023. Advancing Sports and Exercise via Innovation. Advancing Sports and Exercise via Innovation
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Amiri Matsumoto, Hajime Ueda, Akari Ogawa, Chihiro Oshima, Keisuke Irie & Nan Liang. (2022) External and internal focus of attention differentially modulate corticospinal excitability in anticipatory postural adjustments. Scientific Reports 12:1.
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Ayoub Asadi, Mahmood Sheikh, Davood Hoomanian & Saleh Rafiee. (2022) The Interaction of Overt and Covert Attention of Children During Performing a Targeting Task. Research in Sport Management and Motor Behavior 12:24, pages 16-31.
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Tomasz Niźnikowski, Weronika Łuba-Arnista, Paweł Arnista, Jared M. Porter, Hubert Makaruk, Jerzy Sadowski, Andrzej Mastalerz, Ewelina Niźnikowska & Andrew Shaw. (2022) An external focus of attention enhances table tennis backhand stroke accuracy in low-skilled players. PLOS ONE 17:12, pages e0274717.
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Kaylee Woodard, Logan Markwell, Alan Beck & Jared Porter. (2022) Heart Rate is Distinctly Influenced by Complexity of Instructions and Direction of Attentional Focus. International Journal of Motor Control and Learning 4:3, pages 1-4.
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Grant Norte, Justin Rush & David Sherman. (2022) Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition: Best Evidence, Mechanisms, and Theory for Treating the Unseen in Clinical Rehabilitation. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 31:6, pages 717-735.
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Márta Volosin & János Horváth. (2022) Force and electromyography reflections of sensory action-effect weighting during pinching. Human Movement Science 84, pages 102969.
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Jarrod Blinch, John R. Harry, Melanie A. Hart & Denis Cousineau. (2022) Examining the Mechanisms of Internal and External Focus of Attention With Donders’ Subtractive Method. Motor Control 26:3, pages 378-395.
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Johnny V. V. Parr, David J. Wright, Liis Uiga, Ben Marshall, Mohamed Omar Mohamed & Greg Wood. (2022) A scoping review of the application of motor learning principles to optimize myoelectric prosthetic hand control. Prosthetics & Orthotics International 46:3, pages 274-281.
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Danyang Li, Liwei Zhang, Xin Yue, Daniel Memmert & Yeqin Zhang. (2022) Effect of Attentional Focus on Sprint Performance: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:10, pages 6254.
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Tracy Lipke-Perry, Morris Levy & Darren J. Dutto. (2022) Probing Focus of Attention: Multiple Case-Study Analysis of Pianists’ Pedaling Under Different Foci Conditions in Performance of Bartók’s Romanian Folk Dance Sz. 56, No. 2. Music & Science 5.
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Gabriele Wulf & Rebecca Lewthwaite. (2021) Translating Thoughts Into Action: Optimizing Motor Performance and Learning Through Brief Motivational and Attentional Influences. Current Directions in Psychological Science 30:6, pages 535-541.
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Molly A. STEWART, Lindsey A. WAITE, Jithmie G. JAYAWICKREMA & Thomas G. ALMONROEDER. (2021) Neuromuscular training programs predominantly include instructions that promote an internal focus. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 61:7.
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Michael A. Maloney & Adam D. Gorman. (2021) Skilled swimmers maintain performance stability under changing attentional focus constraints. Human Movement Science 77, pages 102789.
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Rebecca Gose & Amit Abraham. (2021) Looking beyond the binary: an extended paradigm for focus of attention in human motor performance. Experimental Brain Research 239:6, pages 1687-1699.
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Ayse Nur Ay & Mustafa Zahid Yildiz. (2021) The effect of attentional focusing strategies on EMG-based classification. Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 66:2, pages 153-158.
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Takehiro Iwatsuki, Hui-Ting Shih, Reza Abdollahipour & Gabriele Wulf. (2019) More bang for the buck: autonomy support increases muscular efficiency. Psychological Research 85:1, pages 439-445.
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Ehsan Pourghayoomi, Saeed Behzadipour, Mehdi Ramezani, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei & Gholam Ali Shahidi. (2020) A new postural stability-indicator to predict the level of fear of falling in Parkinson’s disease patients. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 19:1.
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Stephen Banks, John Sproule, Peter Higgins & Gabriele Wulf. (2020) Forward thinking: When a distal external focus makes you faster. Human Movement Science 74, pages 102708.
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Molly Taylor & Grace Golden. (2020) The Effect of Attentional Focus on Gluteus Medius Recruitment and Force Production. Athletic Training & Sports Health Care 12:6, pages 272-282.
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Ayoub Asadi, Mahmood Sheikh, Davood Hoomanian & Saleh Rafiei. (2020) The Effect of Attentional Focus on Gaze Behavior and Accuracy of Dart Throwing: The Attentional Task Demands Problem. Research in Sport Management & Motor Behavior 10:20, pages 1-16.
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Gabriel Andrade Paz, Lohanne Almeida, Larissa Ruiz, Sabrina Casseres, Giovanna Xavier, João Lucas, Haroldo Gualter Santana, Humberto Miranda, Scott Bonnette & Jeffrey Willardson. (2020) Myoelectric Responses of Lower-Body Muscles Performing Squat and Lunge Exercise Variations Adopting Visual Feedback With a Laser Sensor. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29:8, pages 1159-1165.
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Lee-Kuen Chua, Gabriele Wulf & Rebecca Lewthwaite. (2020) Choose your words wisely: Optimizing impacts on standardized performance testing. Gait & Posture 79, pages 210-216.
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Toby C.T. Mak, William R. Young & Thomson W.L. Wong. (2020) The role of reinvestment in conservative gait in older adults. Experimental Gerontology 133, pages 110855.
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Vicky M. Gottwald, Robin Owen, Gavin P. Lawrence & Nancy McNevin. (2020) An internal focus of attention is optimal when congruent with afferent proprioceptive task information. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 47, pages 101634.
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Christian Kupper, Karen Roemer, Elizabeth Jusko & Karen Zentgraf. (2020) Distality of Attentional Focus and Its Role in Postural Balance Control. Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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Shawn Wiseman, Shahab Alizadeh, Israel Halperin, Behzad Lahouti, Nicholas J. Snow, Kevin E. Power & Duane C. Button. (2020) Neuromuscular Mechanisms Underlying Changes in Force Production during an Attentional Focus Task. Brain Sciences 10:1, pages 33.
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David L. Neumann. (2019) A Systematic Review of Attentional Focus Strategies in Weightlifting. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 1.
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Lee-Kuen Chua, Maria Katrina Dimapilis, Takehiro Iwatsuki, Reza Abdollahipour, Rebecca Lewthwaite & Gabriele Wulf. (2019) Practice variability promotes an external focus of attention and enhances motor skill learning. Human Movement Science 64, pages 307-319.
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Attila Kovacs, Garrett Miles & Harsimran Baweja. (2018) Thinking Outside the Block: External Focus of Attention Improves Reaction Times and Movement Preparation Times in Collegiate Track Sprinters. Sports 6:4, pages 120.
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Marcelo Bigliassi, Costas I. Karageorghis, Alexander V. Nowicky, Michael J. Wright & Guido Orgs. (2017) Effects of auditory distraction on voluntary movements: exploring the underlying mechanisms associated with parallel processing. Psychological Research 82:4, pages 720-733.
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Shirley S. M. Fong, Louisa M. Y. Chung, Young-Hyeon Bae, Dana Vackova, Ada W. W. Ma & Karen P. Y. Liu. (2018) Neuromuscular Processes in the Control of Posture in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Current Evidence and Future Research Directions. Current Developmental Disorders Reports 5:1, pages 43-48.
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Andrew D. Vigotsky, Israel Halperin, Gregory J. Lehman, Gabriel S. Trajano & Taian M. Vieira. (2018) Interpreting Signal Amplitudes in Surface Electromyography Studies in Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences. Frontiers in Physiology 8.
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David C. Marchant & Matt Greig. (2017) Attentional focusing instructions influence quadriceps activity characteristics but not force production during isokinetic knee extensions. Human Movement Science 52, pages 67-73.
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Rebecca L. Atkins. (2016) Effects of Focus of Attention on Tone Production in Trained Singers. Journal of Research in Music Education 64:4, pages 421-434.
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Giacomo Rossettini, Marco Testa, Marco Vicentini & Paolo Manganotti. (2017) The Effect of Different Attentional Focus Instructions during Finger Movement Tasks in Healthy Subjects: An Exploratory Study. BioMed Research International 2017, pages 1-7.
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Daniel J. Southwell, Nicole F. Hills, Linda McLean & Ryan B. Graham. (2016) The acute effects of targeted abdominal muscle activation training on spine stability and neuromuscular control. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 13:1.
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L. Schücker, M. Fleddermann, M. de Lussanet, J. Elischer, C. Böhmer & K. Zentgraf. (2016) Focusing attention on circular pedaling reduces movement economy in cycling. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 27, pages 9-17.
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Gabriele Wulf & Rebecca Lewthwaite. (2016) Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 23:5, pages 1382-1414.
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William R. Young, Mayowa Olonilua, Rich S. W. Masters, Stefanos Dimitriadis & A. Mark Williams. (2015) Examining links between anxiety, reinvestment and walking when talking by older adults during adaptive gait. Experimental Brain Research 234:1, pages 161-172.
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E.C. Kal, J. van der Kamp & H. Houdijk. (2013) External attentional focus enhances movement automatization: A comprehensive test of the constrained action hypothesis. Human Movement Science 32:4, pages 527-539.
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S. Chiviacowsky, G. Wulf & L. T. G. Ávila. (2012) An external focus of attention enhances motor learning in children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 57:7, pages 627-634.
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Jongseong An, Gabriele Wulf & Seonjin Kim. (2013) Increased Carry Distance and X-Factor Stretch in Golf Through an External Focus of Attention. Journal of Motor Learning and Development 1:1, pages 2-11.
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David L. Neumann & Justine Brown. (2013) The Effect of Attentional Focus Strategy on Physiological and Motor Performance During a Sit-Up Exercise. Journal of Psychophysiology 27:1, pages 7-15.
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Keith R. Lohse & David E. Sherwood. (2012) Thinking about muscles: The neuromuscular effects of attentional focus on accuracy and fatigue. Acta Psychologica 140:3, pages 236-245.
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Gabriele Wulf. (2012) How Elite Coaches' Experiential Knowledge Might Enhance Empirical Research on Sport Performance: A Commentary. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 7:2, pages 423-426.
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