64
Views
173
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

II.—On the use of the term homology in modern zoology, and the distinction between homogenetic and homoplastic agreements

Pages 34-43 | Published online: 16 Oct 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (2)

Juan V. Ruiz, Mario Bronzati, Gabriel S. Ferreira, Kawan C. Martins, Marcos V. Queiroz, Max C. Langer & Felipe C. Montefeltro. (2021) A new species of Caipirasuchus (Notosuchia, Sphagesauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil and the evolutionary history of Sphagesauria. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 19:4, pages 265-287.
Read now
PhilipC. J. Donoghue, MarkA. Purnell, RichardJ. Aldridge & Shunxin Zhang. (2008) The interrelationships of ‘complex’ conodonts (Vertebrata). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6:2, pages 119-153.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (171)

Torben Göpel. (2024) Synthesizing foundations in evolutionary morphology and a plea for conceptual explicitness regarding homology concepts. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 12.
Crossref
David M. Williams & Andrew V.Z. Brower. 2024. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity 594 608 .
David M. Williams. 2024. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity 579 593 .
Leonid L. Moroz & Daria Y. Romanova. (2023) Homologous vs. homocratic neurons: revisiting complex evolutionary trajectories. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 11.
Crossref
Igor Ballego‐Campos, Stéphani K. V. Bonifácio & Leandro C. S. Assis. (2023) A unified view of homology. Cladistics 39:5, pages 398-417.
Crossref
James DiFrisco. (2023) Toward a Theory of Homology: Development and the De-Coupling of Morphological and Molecular Evolution. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 74:3, pages 771-810.
Crossref
Richard I Vane-Wright. (2023) Turning biology to life: some reflections. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 139:4, pages 570-587.
Crossref
Devin Y. Gouvêa & Ingo Brigandt. (2023) Against unifying homology concepts: Redirecting the debate. Journal of Morphology 284:7.
Crossref
Devin Y. Gouvêa. (2023) Historicizing the homology problem. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 99, pages 56-66.
Crossref
Thomas Stach & Matthias Starck. (2023) Can you tell me anything about homology? Any one thing that is new?. Journal of Morphology 284:5.
Crossref
Vincent L. Bels & Anthony P. Russell. 2023. Convergent Evolution. Convergent Evolution 1 20 .
Alessandro Minelli. (2022) A refreshed approach to homology—Prioritizing epistemology over metaphysics. Journal of Morphology 284:1.
Crossref
James DiFrisco, Alan C. Love & Günter P. Wagner. (2022) The hierarchical basis of serial homology and evolutionary novelty. Journal of Morphology 284:1.
Crossref
Gerhard Schlosser. (2022) Rebuilding ships while at sea—Character individuality, homology, and evolutionary innovation. Journal of Morphology 284:1.
Crossref
Alessandro Minelli. (2022) Two-way exchanges between animal and plant biology, with focus on evo-devo. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10.
Crossref
Martin Romei, Guillaume Sapriel, Pierre Imbert, Théo Jamay, Jacques Chomilier, Guillaume Lecointre & Mathilde Carpentier. (2022) Protein folds as synapomorphies of the tree of life. Evolution 76:8, pages 1706-1719.
Crossref
O G S Araújo, L A Pugener, C F B Haddad & H R Da Silva. (2022) Ontogeny as a way to understand morphology of nasal capsule structures in Pipidae, with focus on Pipa arrabali (Lissamphibia: Anura) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195:3, pages 1022-1036.
Crossref
Giuseppe Fusco. (2022) Serial Homology. Biological Theory 17:2, pages 114-119.
Crossref
Priyanka Verma & Kiran Singh. 2022. Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior 3211 3212 .
Alessandro Minelli. (2021) On the Nature of Organs and Organ Systems – A Chapter in the History and Philosophy of Biology. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9.
Crossref
Kirk Fitzhugh. (2021) Phylogenetic Inference and the Misplaced Premise of Substitution Rates. Acta Biotheoretica 69:4, pages 799-819.
Crossref
Kate Mortimer, Kirk Fitzhugh, Ana Claudia dos Brasil & Paulo Lana. (2021) Who’s who in Magelona: phylogenetic hypotheses under Magelonidae Cunningham & Ramage, 1888 (Annelida: Polychaeta) . PeerJ 9, pages e11993.
Crossref
James DiFrisco & Johannes Jaeger. (2021) Homology of process: developmental dynamics in comparative biology. Interface Focus 11:3.
Crossref
Maëllys Kevin, Guillaume Girault, Yvan Caspar, Moulay Ali Cherfa, Christiane Mendy, Max Maurin, Claire Ponsart & Nora Madani. (2021) High-resolution melting PCR assay as a powerful tool for the epidemiological surveillance of tularemia in Western Europe. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 90, pages 104741.
Crossref
Andrés Galera. (2021) Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and the First Embryological Evolutionary Model on the Origin of Vertebrates. Journal of the History of Biology 54:2, pages 229-245.
Crossref
Angela Conti, Debora Casagrande Pierantoni, Vincent Robert, Gianluigi Cardinali & Laura Corte. (2021) Homoplasy as an Auxiliary Criterion for Species Delimitation. Microorganisms 9:2, pages 273.
Crossref
Adam Linson & Paco Calvo. (2020) Zoocentrism in the weeds? Cultivating plant models for cognitive yield. Biology & Philosophy 35:5.
Crossref
Natalia Siomava, Jose S. M. Fuentes & Rui Diogo. (2020) Deconstructing the long‐standing a priori assumption that serial homology generally involves ancestral similarity followed by anatomical divergence. Journal of Morphology 281:9, pages 1110-1132.
Crossref
David M. Williams & Malte C. Ebach. 2020. Cladistics. Cladistics 153 212 .
David M. Williams & Malte C. Ebach. 2020. Cladistics. Cladistics 149 212 .
David M. Williams & Malte C. Ebach. 2020. Cladistics. Cladistics.
Guillaume Lecointre & Philippe Huneman. (2020) Que signifie « se ressembler » en biologie?What Does Resemblance Mean in Biology ?. Philosophia Scientae:24-2, pages 75-98.
Crossref
Gustavo Colaço, Gabriela Bueno Bittencourt-Silva & Helio Ricardo Silva. (2020) Can a shade shed light on the monophyly of Cycloramphidae (Lissamphibia: Anura)?. Zoologischer Anzeiger 285, pages 18-26.
Crossref
Ariel Jonathan Roffé. (2020) Dynamic homology and circularity in cladistic analysis. Biology & Philosophy 35:1.
Crossref
Helga Ochoterena, Alexander Vrijdaghs, Erik Smets & Regine Claßen-Bockhoff. (2019) The Search for Common Origin: Homology Revisited. Systematic Biology 68:5, pages 767-780.
Crossref
Yu‐Chi Lin, Rung‐Juen Lin, Michael F. Braby & Yu‐Feng Hsu. (2019) Evolution and losses of spines in slug caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae). Ecology and Evolution 9:17, pages 9827-9840.
Crossref
Alessandro Minelli. (2019) An Evo-Devo Perspective on Analogy in Biology. Philosophies 4:1, pages 5.
Crossref
Christopher H. Pearson. (2018) Theoricity and homology: a reply to Roffe, Ginnobili, and Blanco. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 40:4.
Crossref
Matt Cartmill. 2018. The International Encyclopedia of Biological Anthropology. The International Encyclopedia of Biological Anthropology 1 5 .
Lucy Gomes de Souza. (2018) Comments on the Serial Homology and Homologues of Vertebral Lateral Projections in Crocodylia (Eusuchia). The Anatomical Record 301:7, pages 1203-1215.
Crossref
Rocío Hernández-Cruz, Fátima Barrón-Pacheco, Daniel Sánchez, Salvador Arias & Sonia Vázquez-Santana. (2018) Functional Dioecy in Echinocereus : Ontogenetic Patterns, Programmed Cell Death, and Evolutionary Significance . International Journal of Plant Sciences 179:4, pages 257-274.
Crossref
Andrew V. Z. Brower. (2018) Fifty shades of cladism. Biology & Philosophy 33:1-2.
Crossref
Aaron Novick. (2018) The fine structure of ‘homology’. Biology & Philosophy 33:1-2.
Crossref
William L. Crepet & Karl J. Niklas. 2018. Transformative Paleobotany. Transformative Paleobotany 69 92 .
Lars Vogt. (2016) Assessing similarity: on homology, characters and the need for a semantic approach to non‐evolutionary comparative homology. Cladistics 33:5, pages 513-539.
Crossref
Daichi G. Suzuki & Senji Tanaka. (2017) A Phenomenological and Dynamic View of Homology: Homologs as Persistently Reproducible Modules. Biological Theory 12:3, pages 169-180.
Crossref
Leandro C. S. Assis. (2017) Patterns of character evolution in phylogenies. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 55:3, pages 225-230.
Crossref
Patrick Tschopp & Clifford J. Tabin. (2016) Deep homology in the age of next-generation sequencing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372:1713, pages 20150475.
Crossref
W. Tecumseh Fitch. (2017) Empirical approaches to the study of language evolution. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 24:1, pages 3-33.
Crossref
Thaís N.C. Vasconcelos, Gerhard Prenner, Matheus F. Santos, Astrid Wingler & Eve J. Lucas. (2017) Links between parallel evolution and systematic complexity in angiosperms—A case study of floral development in Myrcia s.l. (Myrtaceae). Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 24, pages 11-24.
Crossref
Ryan A. York & Russell D. Fernald. (2017) The Repeated Evolution of Behavior. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 4.
Crossref
Christoph BleidornChristoph Bleidorn. 2017. Phylogenomics. Phylogenomics 127 141 .
Priyanka Verma & Kiran Singh. 2017. Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior 1 2 .
S. Andrew Inkpen & W. Ford Doolittle. (2016) Molecular Phylogenetics and the Perennial Problem of Homology. Journal of Molecular Evolution 83:5-6, pages 184-192.
Crossref
Kirk Fitzhugh. (2016) Dispelling five myths about hypothesis testing in biological systematics. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 16:3, pages 443-465.
Crossref
Ulf J. BorgenHans A. NakremUlf J. BorgenHans A. Nakrem. 2016. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of osteolepiform fish. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of osteolepiform fish 482 490 .
Curtis R. Congreve & James C. Lamsdell. (2016) Implied weighting and its utility in palaeontological datasets: a study using modelled phylogenetic matrices. Palaeontology 59:3, pages 447-462.
Crossref
Ilya Tëmkin. 2016. Understanding Cultural Traits. Understanding Cultural Traits 287 313 .
Ward C Wheeler. (2015) Phylogenetic network analysis as a parsimony optimization problem. BMC Bioinformatics 16:1.
Crossref
R. Abbasi & J. M. Marcus. (2015) Colour pattern homology and evolution in V anessa butterflies ( N ymphalidae: N ymphalini): eyespot characters . Journal of Evolutionary Biology 28:11, pages 2009-2026.
Crossref
David Haig. (2014) Sameness, novelty, and nominal kinds. Biology & Philosophy 30:6, pages 857-872.
Crossref
Jacob M. Musser & Günter P. Wagner. (2015) Character trees from transcriptome data: Origin and individuation of morphological characters and the so‐called “species signal”. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 324:7, pages 588-604.
Crossref
Carlos Ochoa & Diego Rasskin‐Gutman. (2015) Evo–devo mechanisms underlying the continuum between homology and homoplasy. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 324:2, pages 91-103.
Crossref
David A. Morrison, Matthew J. Morgan & Scot A. Kelchner. (2015) Molecular homology and multiple-sequence alignment: an analysis of concepts and practice. Australian Systematic Botany 28:1, pages 46.
Crossref
Claude Monnet, Christian Klug & Kenneth De Baets. 2015. Ammonoid Paleobiology: From macroevolution to paleogeography. Ammonoid Paleobiology: From macroevolution to paleogeography 95 142 .
Guillaume Lecointre. 2015. Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences. Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences 159 207 .
Pascal Tassy. 2015. Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences. Handbook of Evolutionary Thinking in the Sciences 369 386 .
Günter P. Wagner. 2015. Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 1. Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 1 25 43 .
Olivier Rieppel. 2015. Handbook of Paleoanthropology. Handbook of Paleoanthropology 295 315 .
Bernard Wood & Mark Grabowski. 2015. Macroevolution. Macroevolution 345 376 .
James S. Farris. (2014) Homology and misdirection. Cladistics 30:5, pages 555-561.
Crossref
Kirk Fitzhugh. (2014) The Bewildering Biosystematics Multiverse. BioScience 64:10, pages 938-942.
Crossref
James S. Farris. (2013) “Pattern cladistics” really means paraphyly. Cladistics 30:3, pages 236-239.
Crossref
Richard G. Everitt, Xavier Didelot, Elizabeth M. Batty, Ruth R Miller, Kyle Knox, Bernadette C. Young, Rory Bowden, Adam Auton, Antonina Votintseva, Hanna Larner-Svensson, Jane Charlesworth, Tanya Golubchik, Camilla L. C. Ip, Heather Godwin, Rowena Fung, Tim E. A. Peto, A. Sarah Walker, Derrick W. Crook & Daniel J. Wilson. (2014) Mobile elements drive recombination hotspots in the core genome of Staphylococcus aureus. Nature Communications 5:1.
Crossref
Steven Kelly, Richard Grenyer & Robert W. Scotland. (2014) Phylogenetic trees do not reliably predict feature diversity. Diversity and Distributions 20:5, pages 600-612.
Crossref
Thomas A. Stewart, W. Leo Smith & Michael I. Coates. (2014) The origins of adipose fins: an analysis of homoplasy and the serial homology of vertebrate appendages. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281:1781, pages 20133120.
Crossref
Antonio G. Valdecasas, María L. Peláez & Quentin D. Wheeler. (2013) What's in a (biological) name? The wrath of L ord R utherford . Cladistics 30:2, pages 215-223.
Crossref
James S. Farris. (2013) “Taxic homology” is neither. Cladistics 30:2, pages 113-115.
Crossref
John S. Wilkins. (2012) Biological Essentialism and the Tidal Change of Natural Kinds. Science & Education 22:2, pages 221-240.
Crossref
Olivier Rieppel. 2013. Handbook of Paleoanthropology. Handbook of Paleoanthropology 1 19 .
Brian K. Hall. (2012) Homology, homoplasy, novelty, and behavior. Developmental Psychobiology 55:1, pages 4-12.
Crossref
James S. Farris. (2012) Homology and historiography. Cladistics 28:6, pages 554-559.
Crossref
Kevin C. Nixon & James M. Carpenter. (2012) More on errors. Cladistics 28:5, pages 539-544.
Crossref
Andrew V.Z. Brower & Mario C.C. de Pinna. (2012) Homology and errors. Cladistics 28:5, pages 529-538.
Crossref
Brian K. Hall & Ryan Kerney. (2011) Levels of Biological Organization and the Origin of Novelty. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 318:6, pages 428-437.
Crossref
David M. Williams & Malte C. Ebach. (2012) Confusing homologs as homologies: a reply to “On homology”. Cladistics 28:3, pages 223-224.
Crossref
Katja Seltmann, Matthew Yoder, Istvan Miko, Mattias Forshage, Matthew Bertone, Donat Agosti, Andrew Austin, James Balhoff, Marek Borowiec, Seán Brady, Gavin Broad, Denis Brothers, Roger Burks, Matthew Buffington, Heather Campbell, Kelly Dew, Andrew Ernst, Jose Fernandez-Triana, Michael Gates, Gary Gibson, John Jennings, Norman Johnson, Dave Karlsson, Ricardo Kawada, Lars Krogmann, Robert Kula, Patricia Mullins, Michael Ohl, Claus Rasmussen, Fredrick Ronquist, Susanne Schulmeister, Michael Sharkey, Elijah Talamas, Erika Tucker, Lars Vilhelmsen, Philip S. Ward, Robert Wharton & Andrew Deans. (2012) A hymenopterists’ guide to the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology: utility, clarification, and future directions. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 27, pages 67-88.
Crossref
Kevin C. Nixon & James M. Carpenter. (2011) On homology. Cladistics 28:2, pages 160-169.
Crossref
I. Ya. Pavlinov. (2012) The contemporary concepts of homology in biology: A theoretical review. Biology Bulletin Reviews 2:1, pages 36-54.
Crossref
Brian K. Hall. (2012) Parallelism, deep homology, and evo‐devo. Evolution & Development 14:1, pages 29-33.
Crossref
Guillaume Lecointre. (2011) La biodiversité : au pays des aveugles le borgne est roi. Comptes Rendus Palevol 10:5-6, pages 331-334.
Crossref
. 2011. Wiley‐Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Wiley‐Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution 1 124 .
E. O. Wiley & Bruce S. Lieberman. 2011. Phylogenetics. Phylogenetics 349 389 .
Pascal Tassy. (2011) Trees before and after Darwin. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 49:2, pages 89-101.
Crossref
Robert W. Scotland. (2011) What is parallelism?. Evolution & Development 13:2, pages 214-227.
Crossref
Bernard Wood & Terry Harrison. (2011) The evolutionary context of the first hominins. Nature 470:7334, pages 347-352.
Crossref
Anthony Graham. (2010) Developmental homoplasy: convergence in cellular differentiation. Journal of Anatomy 216:6, pages 651-655.
Crossref
Robert W. Scotland. (2010) Deep homology: A view from systematics. BioEssays 32:5, pages 438-449.
Crossref
V.G. Malikov & F.N. Golenishchev. (2009) The systemic concept of formation and the problem of species. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 313:Supplement 1, pages 117-140.
Crossref
Mario A. Di Gregorio. 2009. The Cambridge History of Science. The Cambridge History of Science 205 224 .
Kirk Fitzhugh. (2008) Clarifying the role of character loss in phylogenetic inference. Zoologica Scripta 37:5, pages 561-569.
Crossref
Simon Wong & Mark A. Ragan. (2008) MACHOS: Markov clusters of homologous subsequences. Bioinformatics 24:13, pages i77-i85.
Crossref
HEATHER A. JAMNICZKY. (2008) Turtle carotid circulation: a character analysis case study. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 93:2, pages 239-256.
Crossref
Caro‐Beth Stewart. 2005. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences.
Arnold G. Kluge. (2007) Completing the neo‐Darwinian synthesis with an event criterion. Cladistics 23:6, pages 613-633.
Crossref
Karel Kleisner. (2007) The Formation of the Theory of Homology in Biological Sciences. Acta Biotheoretica 55:4, pages 317-340.
Crossref
Ingo Brigandt & Paul E. Griffiths. (2007) The importance of homology for biology and philosophy. Biology & Philosophy 22:5, pages 633-641.
Crossref
Paul E. Griffiths. (2007) The phenomena of homology. Biology & Philosophy 22:5, pages 643-658.
Crossref
Alec L. Panchen. 2007. Novartis Foundation Symposium 222 ‐ Homology. Novartis Foundation Symposium 222 ‐ Homology 5 23 .
Axel Meyer. 2007. Novartis Foundation Symposium 222 ‐ Homology. Novartis Foundation Symposium 222 ‐ Homology 141 157 .
David M. Williams & Malte C. Ebach. (2007) Heterology: the shadows of a shade. Cladistics 23:1, pages 84-89.
Crossref
Brian K. Hall. 2007. Philosophy of Biology. Philosophy of Biology 429 453 .
L. Medina. 2007. Evolution of Nervous Systems. Evolution of Nervous Systems 73 87 .
Robert V. Hill. (2006) Comparative anatomy and histology of xenarthran osteoderms. Journal of Morphology 267:12, pages 1441-1460.
Crossref
F.N. Golenishchev & V.G. Malikov. (2006) The “developmental conduit” of the tribe Microtini (Rodentia, Arvicolinae): Systematic and evolutionary aspects. Russian Journal of Theriology 5:1, pages 17-24.
Crossref
Caro‐Beth Stewart. 2005. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences.
Kirk Fitzhugh. (2006) The ‘requirement of total evidence’ and its role in phylogenetic systematics. Biology & Philosophy 21:3, pages 309-351.
Crossref
Kirk Fitzhugh. (2006) The philosophical basis of character coding for the inference of phylogenetic hypotheses. Zoologica Scripta 35:3, pages 261-286.
Crossref
Mitsuru AIMI & Naoki KOYAMA. (2006) . Primate Research 22:2, pages 97-116.
Crossref
Pascal Tassy. (2006) Albert Gaudry et l'émergence de la paléontologie darwinienne au xixe siècle. Annales de Paléontologie 92:1, pages 41-70.
Crossref
J. R. Stone & B. K. Hall. (2006) Review Article – A System for Analysing Features in Studies Integrating Ecology, Development, and Evolution. Biology & Philosophy 21:1, pages 25-40.
Crossref
Heather A. Jamniczky. (2022) Biological Pluralism and Homology. Philosophy of Science 72:5, pages 687-698.
Crossref
Uwe Hoßfeld & Lennart Olsson. (2005) The history of the homology concept and the “Phylogenetisches Symposium”. Theory in Biosciences 124:2, pages 243-253.
Crossref
Rui Diogo. (2005) Evolutionary convergences and parallelisms: &their theoretical differences and the difficulty &of discriminating them in a practical &phylogenetic context. Biology & Philosophy 20:4, pages 735-744.
Crossref
Michael J. Donoghue. (2005) Key innovations, convergence, and success: macroevolutionary lessons from plant phylogeny. Paleobiology 31:sp5, pages 77-93.
Crossref
Ron Amundson. 2012. The Changing Role of the Embryo in Evolutionary Thought. The Changing Role of the Embryo in Evolutionary Thought.
Alan C. Love. (2005) The Return of the Embryo. Biology & Philosophy 20:2-3, pages 567-584.
Crossref
Nathan D. Smith & Alan H. Turner. (2005) Morphology's Role in Phylogeny Reconstruction: Perspectives from Paleontology. Systematic Biology 54:1, pages 166-173.
Crossref
Michelle McMahon & Larry Hufford. (2004) Phylogeny of Amorpheae (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae). American Journal of Botany 91:8, pages 1219-1230.
Crossref
Stéphane SchmittStéphane Schmitt. 2004. Histoire d’une question anatomique. Histoire d’une question anatomique 601 646 .
Ingo Brigandt. (2003) Homology in comparative, molecular, and evolutionary developmental biology: The radiation of a concept. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 299B:1, pages 9-17.
Crossref
BRIAN K. HALL. (2007) Descent with modification: the unity underlying homology and homoplasy as seen through an analysis of development and evolution. Biological Reviews 78:3, pages 409-433.
Crossref
Manfred D. Laubichler & Jane Maienschein. (2003) Ontogeny, anatomy, and the problem of homology: Carl Gegenbaur and the American tradition of cell lineage studies. Theory in Biosciences 122:2-3, pages 194-203.
Crossref
Roberto A. Keller, Richard N. Boyd & Quentin D. Wheeler. (2003) The Illogical Basis of Phylogenetic Nomenclature. The Botanical Review 69:1, pages 93-110.
Crossref
Michelle McMahon & Larry Hufford. (2002) Developmental morphology and structural homology of corolla‐androecium synorganization in the tribe Amorpheae (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae). American Journal of Botany 89:12, pages 1884-1898.
Crossref
Ingo Brigandt. (2002) Homology and the origin of correspondence. Biology & Philosophy 17:3, pages 389-407.
Crossref
Michael Syvanen. 2002. Horizontal Gene Transfer. Horizontal Gene Transfer 383 395 .
E.O. Wiley. 2001. Encyclopedia of Genetics. Encyclopedia of Genetics 969 970 .
Manfred D. Laubichler. (2000) Homology in Development and the Development of the Homology Concept1. American Zoologist 40:5, pages 777-788.
Crossref
Walter M. Fitch. (2000) Homology. Trends in Genetics 16:5, pages 227-231.
Crossref
Charles A. Lockwood & John G. Fleagle. (1999) The recognition and evaluation of homoplasy in primate and human evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 110:S29, pages 189-232.
Crossref
R. Nieuwenhuys, H. J. ten Donkelaar & C. NicholsonR. Nieuwenhuys. 1998. The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates. The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates 273 326 .
Peter A. Ritchie, Sébastian Lavoué & Guillaume Lecointre. (1997) Molecular phylogenetics and the evolution of Antarctic notothenioid fishes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 118:4, pages 1009-1025.
Crossref
MICHAEL J. SANDERSON & MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE. 1996. Homoplasy. Homoplasy 67 89 .
Matt Cartmill. (2005) A critique of homology as a morphological concept. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 94:1, pages 115-123.
Crossref
David M. Hillis. 1994. Homology. Homology 339 368 .
G. Nelson. 1994. Homology. Homology 101 149 .
Alec L. Panchen. 1994. Homology. Homology 21 62 .
David M. Hillis. 1994. Homology. Homology 339 368 .
G. Nelson. 1994. Homology. Homology 101 149 .
Alec L. Panchen. 1994. Homology. Homology 21 62 .
Bruce A. Young. (1993) On the necessity of an archetypal concept in morphology: With special reference to the concepts of ?structure? and ?homology?. Biology & Philosophy 8:2, pages 225-248.
Crossref
Mário C. C. de Pinna. (2005) CONCEPTS AND TESTS OF HOMOLOGY IN THE CLADISTIC PARADIGM. Cladistics 7:4, pages 367-394.
Crossref
Michael J. Sanderson. (1991) IN SEARCH OF HOMOPLASTIC TENDENCIES: STATISTICAL INFERENCE OF TOPOLOGICAL PATTERNS IN HOMOPLASY. Evolution 45:2, pages 351-358.
Crossref
Gerd Rehk�mper & Karl Zilles. (1991) Parallel evolution in mammalian and avian brains: comparative cytoarchitectonic and cytochemical analysis. Cell and Tissue Research 263:1, pages 3-28.
Crossref
Roger Ward, Jacques Repérant & Dom Miceli. 1991. The Changing Visual System. The Changing Visual System 61 76 .
Michael J. Sanderson & Michael J. Donoghue. (2017) PATTERNS OF VARIATION IN LEVELS OF HOMOPLASY. Evolution 43:8, pages 1781-1795.
Crossref
Peter J. Bowler. (2009) Development and Adaptation: Evolutionary Concepts in British Morphology, 1870–1914. The British Journal for the History of Science 22:3, pages 283-297.
Crossref
BRIAN G. GARDINER. (1982) Tetrapod classification. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 74:3, pages 207-232.
Crossref
C. B. G. Campbell. 1982. Primate Brain Evolution. Primate Brain Evolution 1 11 .
Von L. v. Salvini-Plawen & H. Splechtna. (2009) Zur Homologie der Keimblätter. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 17:1, pages 10-30.
Crossref
C. B. G. Campbell. 1976. Phylogeny of the Primates. Phylogeny of the Primates 183 197 .
G.F. Estabrook. 1972. Progress in Theoretical Biology. Progress in Theoretical Biology 23 86 .
H. Schliemann. (1971) Die Haftorgane von Thyroptera und Myzopoda (Microchiroptera, Mammalia) - Gedanken zu ihrer Entstehung als Parallelbildungen. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 9:1, pages 61-80.
Crossref
T. Neville George. (1962) A centenary lecture: The concept of homoeomorphy. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 73:1, pages 9-64.
Crossref
W. B. Turrill. (1942) Taxonomy and phylogeny. The Botanical Review 8:10, pages 655-707.
Crossref
John Tait. (2014) VI.—Experiments and Observations on Crustacea: Part III. Limb-Flexures and Limb-Taxis in the Peracarida. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 37, pages 69-94.
Crossref
J. H. Orton. (2009) On Ciliary Mechanisms in Brachiopods and some Polychætes, with a Comparison of the Ciliary Mechanisms on the Gills of Molluscs, Protochordata, Brachiopods, and Cryptocephalous Polychætes, and an Account of the Endostyle of Crepidula and its Allies.. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 10:2, pages 283-311.
Crossref
Gilbert C. Bourne. (1910) On the Anatomy and Systematic Position of Incisura (Scissurella) lytteltonensis. Journal of Cell Science S2-55:217, pages 1-47.
Crossref
P. Chalmers Mitchell. (1901) VII. On the Intestinal Tract of Birds; with Remarks on the Valuation and Nomenclature of Zoological Characters.. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 2nd Series: Zoology 8:7, pages 173-275.
Crossref
William Blaxland Benham. (1886) Studies on Earthworms. Journal of Cell Science S2-26:102, pages 213-302.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.