27
Views
82
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Equivalent Quantum Efficiency of the Photographic Process

Pages 199-204 | Received 22 Mar 1963, Published online: 22 Jul 2016

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (2)

R. Shaw. (1973) Some Detector Characteristics of the Photographic Process. Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics 20:10, pages 749-770.
Read now
J.C. Dainty. (1971) Methods of Measuring the Modulation Transfer Function of Photographic Emulsions. Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics 18:11, pages 795-813.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (80)

Avner Shultzman, Ohad Segal, Yaniv Kurman, Charles Roques‐Carmes & Ido Kaminer. (2023) Enhanced Imaging Using Inverse Design of Nanophotonic Scintillators. Advanced Optical Materials 11:8.
Crossref
Magdalena Dobrzyńska, Anna Wysocka-Rabin, Ewa Fabiszewska, Katarzyna Pasicz & Witold Skrzyński. (2022) New Software for DQE Calculation in Digital Mammography Compliant with IEC 62220–1-2. Journal of Digital Imaging 35:5, pages 1069-1078.
Crossref
C. Trosseille, A. M. Garafalo, M. S. Dayton, C. E. Durand, B. T. Funsten, T. J. Hilsabeck, E. Imhoff, S. B. Morioka, K. W. Piston, A. E. Raymond, A. C. Welton, L. Claus, M. Sanchez, J. D. Hares, T. M. Chung, A. C. Carpenter & S. R. Nagel. (2022) Characterization of the hardened single line of sight camera at the National Ignition Facility. Review of Scientific Instruments 93:8, pages 083516.
Crossref
Jesse Tanguay, Devon Richtsmeier, Christopher Dydula, James A. Day, Kris Iniewski & Magdalena Bazalova‐Carter. (2021) A detective quantum efficiency for spectroscopic X‐ray imaging detectors. Medical Physics 48:11, pages 6781-6799.
Crossref
Jesse Tanguay, Jinwoo Kim, Ho Kyung Kim, Kris Iniewski & Ian A. Cunningham. (2020) Frequency‐dependent signal and noise in spectroscopic x‐ray imaging. Medical Physics 47:7, pages 2881-2901.
Crossref
Toni Khalil, Fabrice Monteiro, Abbas Dandache & Chafic Salame. Review of flat panel detectors technique for medical imaging quality improvement. Review of flat panel detectors technique for medical imaging quality improvement.
Xu Ji, Mang Feng, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen & Ke Li. (2019) An experimental method to directly measure DQE$(k)$ at k   =  0 for 2D x-ray imaging systems . Physics in Medicine & Biology 64:7, pages 075013.
Crossref
Tomi F. Nano, Christopher C. Scott, Yunzhi Li, Celal Con, Karim S. Karim & Ian A. Cunningham. (2019) Performance evaluation of a Se/CMOS prototype x-ray detector with the Apodized Aperture Pixel (AAP) design. Performance evaluation of a Se/CMOS prototype x-ray detector with the Apodized Aperture Pixel (AAP) design.
Xu Ji, Mang Feng, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen & Ran Zhang. (2019) An experimental method to correct drift-induced error in zero-frequency DQE measurement. An experimental method to correct drift-induced error in zero-frequency DQE measurement.
C. A. Trosseille, L. R. Benedetti, M. S. Beach, D. T. Boyle, D. R. Hargrove, J. P. Holder, A. A. Lumbard, G. W. Ruchonnet & D. K. Bradley. (2018) Investigating the relationship between noise transfer inside the x-ray framing cameras and their imaging ability. Review of Scientific Instruments 89:10, pages 10G109.
Crossref
Jesse Tanguay & Robert Lalonde. (2018) A linear systems approach to modeling anatomic noise in digital mammography. A linear systems approach to modeling anatomic noise in digital mammography.
Tomi F. Nano, Terenz Escartin, Elina Ismailova, Karim S. Karim, Jan Lindström, Ho Kyung Kim & Ian A. Cunningham. (2017) MTF and DQE enhancement using an apodized-aperture x-ray detector design. Medical Physics 44:9, pages 4525-4535.
Crossref
Craig K. Abbey, Yang Zhu, Sara Bahramian & Michael F. Insana. (2017) Linear System Models for Ultrasonic Imaging: Intensity Signal Statistics. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 64:4, pages 669-678.
Crossref
Seungman Yun, Ho Kyung Kim, Jong Chul Han, Soohwa Kam, Hanbean Youn & Ian A. Cunningham. (2017) Linear analysis of signal and noise characteristics of a nonlinear CMOS active-pixel detector for mammography. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 847, pages 104-110.
Crossref
Sun Young Jang, Ho Kyung Kim, Hanbean Youn, Seungryong Cho & Ian A. Cunningham. (2017) Fourier Analysis of Noise Characteristics in Cone-Beam Microtomography Laboratory Scanners. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 64:1, pages 173-183.
Crossref
Terenz R. Escartin, Tomi F. Nano & Ian A. Cunningham. Detective quantum efficiency: a standard test to ensure optimal detector performance and low patient exposures. Detective quantum efficiency: a standard test to ensure optimal detector performance and low patient exposures.
Tomi Nano, Terenz Escartin, Karim S. Karim & Ian A. Cunningham. A novel x-ray detector design with higher DQE and reduced aliasing: Theoretical analysis of x-ray reabsoprtion in detector converter material. A novel x-ray detector design with higher DQE and reduced aliasing: Theoretical analysis of x-ray reabsoprtion in detector converter material.
Yuan Fang & Aldo Badano. DQE simulation of a-Se x-ray detectors using ARTEMIS. DQE simulation of a-Se x-ray detectors using ARTEMIS.
Elina Ismailova, Karim Karim & Ian A. Cunningham. Apodized-aperture pixel design to increase high-frequency DQE and reduce noise aliasing in x-ray detectors. Apodized-aperture pixel design to increase high-frequency DQE and reduce noise aliasing in x-ray detectors.
Moa Yveborg, Mats Persson & Hans Bornefalk. (2015) Optimal Frequency-Based Weighting for Spectral X-Ray Projection Imaging. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 34:3, pages 779-787.
Crossref
Sergey F. Prokushkin & Erez Galil. Information theoretic methods for image processing algorithm optimization. Information theoretic methods for image processing algorithm optimization.
Martin J. Yaffe. (2014) Research in digital mammography and tomosynthesis at the University of Toronto. Radiological Physics and Technology 7:2, pages 191-202.
Crossref
Daniel F. Gutierrez & Habib Zaidi. 2014. Radiological Safety and Quality. Radiological Safety and Quality 177 202 .
Seungman Yun, Jesse Tanguay, Ho Kyung Kim & Ian A. Cunningham. (2013) Cascaded-systems analyses and the detective quantum efficiency of single-Z x-ray detectors including photoelectric, coherent and incoherent interactions. Medical Physics 40:4, pages 041916.
Crossref
N. Q. Nguyen, C. K. Abbey & M. F. Insana. (2013) Objective Assessment of Sonographic Quality I: Task Information. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 32:4, pages 683-690.
Crossref
N. Q. Nguyen, C. K. Abbey & M. F. Insana. (2013) Objective Assessment of Sonographic: Quality II Acquisition Information Spectrum. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 32:4, pages 691-698.
Crossref
Jesse Tanguay, Seungman Yun, Ho Kyung Kim & Ian A. Cunningham. (2013) The detective quantum efficiency of photon-counting x-ray detectors using cascaded-systems analyses. Medical Physics 40:4, pages 041913.
Crossref
Ho Kyung Kim, Chang Hwy Lim, Jesse Tanguay, Seungman Yun & Ian A. Cunningham. (2012) Spectral analysis of fundamental signal and noise performances in photoconductors for mammography. Medical Physics 39:5, pages 2478-2490.
Crossref
Tore Niermann, Axel Lubk & Falk Röder. (2012) A new linear transfer theory and characterization method for image detectors. Part I: Theory. Ultramicroscopy 115, pages 68-77.
Crossref
Arthur E. Burgess. (2011) Visual Perception Studies and Observer Models in Medical Imaging. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 41:6, pages 419-436.
Crossref
Hans Bornefalk. (2011) Task-based weights for photon counting spectral x-ray imaging. Medical Physics 38:11, pages 6065-6073.
Crossref
Safa Kasap, Joel B. Frey, George Belev, Olivier Tousignant, Habib Mani, Jonathan Greenspan, Luc Laperriere, Oleksandr Bubon, Alla Reznik, Giovanni DeCrescenzo, Karim S. Karim & John A. Rowlands. (2011) Amorphous and Polycrystalline Photoconductors for Direct Conversion Flat Panel X-Ray Image Sensors. Sensors 11:5, pages 5112-5157.
Crossref
S. N. Friedman & I. A. Cunningham. (2010) A spatio-temporal detective quantum efficiency and its application to fluoroscopic systems. Medical Physics 37:11, pages 6061-6069.
Crossref
Phill Gu Jung, Chi Hoon Lee, Kong Myeong Bae, Jae Min Lee, Sang Min Lee, Chang Hwy Lim, Seungman Yun, Ho Kyung Kim & Jong Soo Ko. (2010) Microdome-gooved Gd_2O_2S:Tb scintillator for flexible and high resolution digital radiography. Optics Express 18:14, pages 14850.
Crossref
M. J. Yaffe, P. C. Bunch, L. Desponds, R. A. Jong, R. M. Nishikawa, M. J. Tapiovaara & K. C. Young. (2009) References. Journal of the ICRU 9:2, pages 89-104.
Crossref
S. N. Friedman & I. A. Cunningham. (2009) A small-signal approach to temporal modulation transfer functions with exposure-rate dependence and its application to fluoroscopic detective quantum efficiency. Medical Physics 36:8, pages 3775-3785.
Crossref
G. Hajdok, J. J. Battista & I. A. Cunningham. (2008) Fundamental x-ray interaction limits in diagnostic imaging detectors: Frequency-dependent Swank noise. Medical Physics 35:7Part1, pages 3194-3204.
Crossref
S. N. Friedman & I. A. Cunningham. (2008) A moving slanted-edge method to measure the temporal modulation transfer function of fluoroscopic systems. Medical Physics 35:6Part1, pages 2473-2484.
Crossref
Hong Du, Larry E Antonuk, Youcef El-Mohri, Qihua Zhao, Zhong Su, Jin Yamamoto & Yi Wang. (2008) Signal behavior of polycrystalline HgI 2 at diagnostic energies of prototype, direct detection, active matrix, flat-panel imagers . Physics in Medicine and Biology 53:5, pages 1325-1351.
Crossref
Magnus Åslund, Björn Cederström, Mats Lundqvist & Mats Danielsson. (2007) Physical characterization of a scanning photon counting digital mammography system based on Si-strip detectors. Medical Physics 34:6Part1, pages 1918-1925.
Crossref
G. Hajdok, J. Yao, J. J. Battista & I. A. Cunningham. (2006) Signal and noise transfer properties of photoelectric interactions in diagnostic x-ray imaging detectors. Medical Physics 33:10, pages 3601-3620.
Crossref
Kunio Doi. (2006) Diagnostic imaging over the last 50 years: research and development in medical imaging science and technology. Physics in Medicine and Biology 51:13, pages R5-R27.
Crossref
Andrew C. Moore. (2006) Quantum efficiency overestimation and deterministic cross talk resulting from interpixel capacitance. Optical Engineering 45:7, pages 076402.
Crossref
Julien P. Marchal. (2005) Extension of x-ray imaging linear systems analysis to detectors with energy discrimination capability. Medical Physics 32:8, pages 2717-2728.
Crossref
R.J. Zemp, M.D. Parry, C.K. Abbey & M.F. Insana. (2005) Detection performance theory for ultrasound imaging systems. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 24:3, pages 300-310.
Crossref
M. Sattarivand & I.A. Cunningham. (2005) Computational engine for development of complex cascaded models of signal and noise in X-ray imaging systems. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 24:2, pages 211-222.
Crossref
Brandon D. Gallas, Jonathan S. Boswell, Aldo Badano, Robert M. Gagne & Kyle J. Myers. (2004) An energy- and depth-dependent model for x-ray imaging. Medical Physics 31:11, pages 3132-3149.
Crossref
F. Cremers, Th. Frenzel, C. Kausch, D. Albers, T. Schönborn & R. Schmidt. (2004) Performance of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) used in radiotherapy: Image quality and dose measurements. Medical Physics 31:5, pages 985-996.
Crossref
Robert M. Gagne, Jonathan S. Boswell & Kyle J. Myers. (2003) Signal detectability in digital radiography: Spatial domain figures of merit. Medical Physics 30:8, pages 2180-2193.
Crossref
H. Lai & I. A. Cunningham. (2002) Noise aliasing in interline-video-based fluoroscopy systems. Medical Physics 29:3, pages 298-310.
Crossref
J. Yao & I. A. Cunningham. (2001) Parallel cascades: New ways to describe noise transfer in medical imaging systems. Medical Physics 28:10, pages 2020-2038.
Crossref
Arthur G. Haus & Martin J. Yaffe. (2000) SCREEN-FILM AND DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY. Radiologic Clinics of North America 38:4, pages 871-898.
Crossref
Mark B. Williams, Piero U. Simoni, Laura Smilowitz, Martin Stanton, Walter Phillips & Alex Stewart. (1999) Analysis of the detective quantum efficiency of a developmental detector for digital mammography. Medical Physics 26:11, pages 2273-2285.
Crossref
C. Kausch, B. Schreiber, F. Kreuder, R. Schmidt & O. Dössel. (1999) Monte Carlo simulations of the imaging performance of metal plate/phosphor screens used in radiotherapy. Medical Physics 26:10, pages 2113-2124.
Crossref
Ian A. Cunningham & Rodney Shaw. (1999) Signal-to-noise optimization of medical imaging systems. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 16:3, pages 621.
Crossref
Til Aach. (1999) Digital image acquisition and processing in medical x-ray imaging. Journal of Electronic Imaging 8:1, pages 7.
Crossref
I. Kandarakis, D. Cavouras, E. Kanellopoulos, C.D. Nomicos & G.S. Panayiotakis. (1998) Image quality evaluation of YVO4:Eu phosphor screens for use in x-ray medical imaging detectors. Radiation Measurements 29:5, pages 481-486.
Crossref
D. Cavouras, I. Kandarakis, G.S. Panayiotakis, E. Kanellopoulos, D. Triantis & C.D. Nomicos. (1998) An investigation of the imaging characteristics of the Y2O2S:Eu3+ phosphor for application in X-ray detectors of Digital Mammography. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 49:8, pages 931-937.
Crossref
I. Kandarakis, D. Cavouras, G.S. Panayiotakis, D. Triantis & C.D. Nomicos. (1997) An experimental method for the determination of spatial-frequency-dependent detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of scintillators used in X-ray imaging detectors. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 399:2-3, pages 335-342.
Crossref
Manfred Säbel & Horst Aichinger. (1996) Recent developments in breast imaging. Physics in Medicine and Biology 41:3, pages 315-368.
Crossref
Harrison H. Barrett, J. L. Denny, Robert F. Wagner & Kyle J. Myers. (1995) Objective assessment of image quality II Fisher information, Fourier crosstalk, and figures of merit for task performance. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 12:5, pages 834.
Crossref
W.J. De Ruijter. (1995) Imaging properties and applications of slow-scan charge-coupled device cameras suitable for electron microscopy. Micron 26:3, pages 247-275.
Crossref
Hendrik Mulder. (1993) Signal and noise transfer through imaging systems consisting of a cascade of amplifying and scattering processes. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 10:9, pages 2038.
Crossref
J Beutel, D J Mickewich, S L Issler & R Shaw. (1993) The image quality characteristics of a novel ultra-high-resolution film/screen system. Physics in Medicine and Biology 38:9, pages 1195-1206.
Crossref
M J Tapiovaara & R F Wagner. (1993) SNR and noise measurements for medical imaging: I. A practical approach based on statistical decision theory. Physics in Medicine and Biology 38:1, pages 71-92.
Crossref
Majid Rabbani & Richard Van Metter. (1989) Analysis of signal and noise propagation for several imaging mechanisms. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 6:8, pages 1156.
Crossref
Phillip C. Bunch & Richard Van Metter. (1988) Noise power spectrum analysis of a scanning microdensitometer. Applied Optics 27:16, pages 3468.
Crossref
Phillip C. Bunch, Kenneth E. Huff & Richard Van Metter. (1987) Analysis of the detective quantum efficiency of a radiographic screen–film combination. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 4:5, pages 902.
Crossref
Majid Rabbani, Richard Van Metter & Rodney Shaw. (1987) Detective quantum efficiency of imaging systems with amplifying and scattering mechanisms. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 4:5, pages 895.
Crossref
R F Wagner & D G Brown. (1985) Unified SNR analysis of medical imaging systems. Physics in Medicine and Biology 30:6, pages 489-518.
Crossref
M Wolf, W Steinbach & W Angerstein. (1984) Image quality of an image-intensifier fluorographic system. Physics in Medicine and Biology 29:5, pages 567-577.
Crossref
H Kanamori & M Matsumoto. (1984) The information spectrum as a measure of radiographic image quality and system performance. Physics in Medicine and Biology 29:4, pages 303-313.
Crossref
Tomohiro Okano, John D. Wiebe, Richard L. Webber & Robert F. Wagner. (1983) Effective exposure level and diagnostic performance in endodontic radiography. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 55:5, pages 527-536.
Crossref
Robert F. Wagner. (1980) Imaging with Photons: A Unified Picture Evolves. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 27:3, pages 1027-1033.
Crossref
R. SHAW. 1979. Applied Optics and Optical Engineering Volume 7. Applied Optics and Optical Engineering Volume 7 121 154 .
R Shaw. (1978) Evaluating the efficient of imaging processes. Reports on Progress in Physics 41:7, pages 1103-1155.
Crossref
S.L. Mandelshtam. (1978) Some problems of the emission spectral analysis theory. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 33:9, pages 577-590.
Crossref
C.I. Coleman. 1976. Photo-Electronic Image Devices, Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium. Photo-Electronic Image Devices, Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium 661 677 .
H. Thiry. (1972) Efficience quantique et efficience quantique de détection des photomultiplicateurs et des matériaux photographiques. Applied Optics 11:12, pages 2945.
Crossref
P. Iredale & D.J. Ryden. 1969. Photo-Electronic Image Devices, Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium. Photo-Electronic Image Devices, Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium 589 602 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.