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Original Articles

Priming the sexual system: Implicit versus explicit activation

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Pages 134-145 | Accepted 02 Dec 2002, Published online: 11 Jan 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (13)

Robert J. Snowden, Nicola S. Gray, Jasmine Rollings & Katie S. Uzzell. (2023) Automatic Attention to Sexual Images of Men and Women in Androphilic, Ambiphilic, and Gynephilic Women. Journal of Bisexuality 23:2, pages 170-185.
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Jacques van Lankveld, Kenny Wolfs & Andrea Grauvogl. (2020) Gender Differences in the Relationship of Sexual Functioning with Implicit and Explicit Sex Liking and Sex Wanting: A Community Sample Study. The Journal of Sex Research 57:7, pages 860-871.
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Ariel B. Handy, Bridget K. Freihart & Cindy M. Meston. (2020) The Relationship between Subjective and Physiological Sexual Arousal in Women with and without Arousal Concerns. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 46:5, pages 447-459.
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Milena Vásquez Amézquita, Juan David Leongoméz, Michael C. Seto & Alicia Salvador. (2019) Differences in Visual Attention Patterns to Sexually Mature and Immature Stimuli Between Heterosexual Sexual Offenders, Nonsexual Offenders, and Nonoffending Men. The Journal of Sex Research 56:2, pages 213-228.
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Charlotte L. Hall, Todd E. Hogue & Kun Guo. (2015) Gaze patterns to child figures reflect deviant sexual preference in child sex offenders—a first glance. Journal of Sexual Aggression 21:3, pages 303-317.
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Marieke Dewitte. (2014) On the Interpersonal Dynamics of Sexuality. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 40:3, pages 209-232.
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Marieke Dewitte. (2012) Different Perspectives on the Sex-Attachment Link: Towards an Emotion-Motivational Account. The Journal of Sex Research 49:2-3, pages 105-124.
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MeredithL. Chivers. (2010) A brief update on the specificity of sexual arousal. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 25:4, pages 407-414.
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Frederick Toates. (2009) An Integrative Theoretical Framework for Understanding Sexual Motivation, Arousal, and Behavior. The Journal of Sex Research 46:2-3, pages 168-193.
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Omri Gillath, Mario Mikulincer, GuritE. Birnbaum & PhillipR. Shaver. (2007) Does Subliminal Exposure to Sexual Stimuli Have the Same Effects on Men and Women?. The Journal of Sex Research 44:2, pages 111-121.
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Skyler T. Hawk, Ryan Tolman & Charles W. Mueller. (2007) The Effects of Target Attractiveness on Men's Sexual Arousal in Response to Erotic Auditory Stimuli. The Journal of Sex Research 44:1, pages 96-103.
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Mark Spiering, Walter Everaerd, Petra Karsdorp, Stephanie Both & Marieke Brauer. (2006) Nonconscious processing of sexual information: A generalization to women. The Journal of Sex Research 43:3, pages 268-281.
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Stephanie Both, Mark Spiering, Walter Everaerd & Ellen Laan. (2004) Sexual behavior and responsiveness to sexual stimuli following laboratory‐induced sexual arousal. The Journal of Sex Research 41:3, pages 242-258.
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Articles from other publishers (46)

Anna Warchala, Paweł Madej, Marta Kochanowicz & Marek Krzystanek. (2024) Sexual Function in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Living in Stable Heterosexual Relationships: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine 13:8, pages 2227.
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Ondřej Vaníček, Lucie Krejčová, Martin Hůla, Kateřina Potyszová, Kateřina Klapilová & Klára Bártová. (2024) Eye-tracking does not reveal early attention processing of sexual copulatory movement in heterosexual men and women. Scientific Reports 14:1.
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Milena Vásquez-Amézquita, Juan David Leongómez, Alicia Salvador & Michael C Seto. (2023) What can the eyes tell us about atypical sexual preferences as a function of sex and age? Linking eye movements with child-related chronophilias. Forensic Sciences Research 8:1, pages 5-15.
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A.V. Kirenskaya, N.G. Vasilev, Z.V. Garakh, V.Y. Novototsky-Vlasov & A.A. Tkachenko. (2023) Specificity of visual event-related potentials to subthreshold presentation of erotic pictures in pedophilia. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova 123:12, pages 99.
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Ariel B. Handy, Leah N. McMahon & Cindy M. Meston. (2022) Local Responses to Genital Arousal — Mechanisms of Lubrication. Current Sexual Health Reports 14:4, pages 247-253.
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Elia Zanin, Carl Froilan D. Leochico, Sara Salizzato, Reynaldo R. Rey-Matias, Paolo Pauletto, Stefano Masiero & Humberto A. Cerrel-Bazo. (2021) Differences between males and females with spinal cord injury in the experience of subliminal and explicit sexual pictures. Spinal Cord 60:2, pages 142-148.
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Lanna J. Petterson & Paul L. Vasey. (2021) Canadian undergraduate men’s visual attention to cisgender women, cisgender men, and feminine trans individuals. Scientific Reports 11:1.
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Joana Carvalho & Pedro J. Rosa. (2020) Gender Differences in the Emotional Response and Subjective Sexual Arousal Toward Non-Consensual Sexual Intercourse: A Pupillometric Study. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 17:10, pages 1865-1874.
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Jacques J. D. M. van Lankveld, Myrthe Bandell, Eva Bastin-Hurek, Myra van Beurden & Suzan Araz. (2018) Implicit and Explicit Associations with Erotic Stimuli in Women with and Without Sexual Problems. Archives of Sexual Behavior 47:6, pages 1663-1674.
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Amelia M. Stanton, Ariel B. Handy & Cindy M. Meston. (2017) Sexual function in adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer: A systematic review. Journal of Cancer Survivorship 12:1, pages 47-63.
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Milena Vásquez-Amézquita, Juan David Leongómez, Michael C. Seto, Fidel Mauricio Bonilla, Alexa Rodríguez-Padilla & Alicia Salvador. (2018) No relation between digit ratio (2D:4D) and visual attention patterns to sexually preferred and non-preferred stimuli. Personality and Individual Differences 120, pages 151-158.
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Martina Wernicke, Corinna Hofter, Kirsten Jordan, Peter Fromberger, Peter Dechent & Jürgen L. Müller. (2017) Neural correlates of subliminally presented visual sexual stimuli. Consciousness and Cognition 49, pages 35-52.
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Samantha J. Dawson, Katherine M. Fretz & Meredith L. Chivers. (2016) Visual Attention Patterns of Women with Androphilic and Gynephilic Sexual Attractions. Archives of Sexual Behavior 46:1, pages 141-153.
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Tiziana Lanciano, Emanuela Soleti, Francesca Guglielmi, Ivan Mangiulli & Antonietta Curci. (2016) Fifty shades of unsaid: Women’s explicit and implicit attitudes towards sexual morality. Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12:4, pages 550-566.
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Antonio Olivera-La Rosa, Guido Corradi, Javier Villacampa, Manuel Martí-Vilar, Olber Eduardo Arango & Jaume Rosselló. (2016) Effects of Suboptimally Presented Erotic Pictures on Moral Judgments: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. PLOS ONE 11:7, pages e0158690.
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Samantha J. Dawson & Meredith L. Chivers. (2016) Gender-Specificity of Initial and Controlled Visual Attention to Sexual Stimuli in Androphilic Women and Gynephilic Men. PLOS ONE 11:4, pages e0152785.
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Verner Knott, Danielle Impey, Derek Fisher, Emily Delpero & Paul Fedoroff. (2016) Pedophilic brain potential responses to adult erotic stimuli. Brain Research 1632, pages 127-140.
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Omri Gillath & Tara Collins. (2015) Unconscious Desire: The Affective and Motivational Aspects of Subliminal Sexual Priming. Archives of Sexual Behavior 45:1, pages 5-20.
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Jacques van Lankveld, Ingrid Odekerken, Lydia Kok-Verhoeven, Susan van Hooren, Peter de Vries, Anja van den Hout & Peter Verboon. (2015) Implicit and Explicit Associations with Erotic Stimuli in Sexually Functional and Dysfunctional Men. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 12:8, pages 1791-1804.
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Kirsten Jordan, Peter Fromberger, Helge Laubinger, Peter Dechent & Jürgen L Müller. (2014) Changed processing of visual sexual stimuli under GnRH-therapy – a single case study in pedophilia using eye tracking and fMRI. BMC Psychiatry 14:1.
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Charmaine Borg, Peter J. de Jong & Janniko R. Georgiadis. (2014) Subcortical BOLD responses during visual sexual stimulation vary as a function of implicit porn associations in women. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 9:2, pages 158-166.
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Jacques van Lankveld, Alec Martin, Dave Hubben, Nikky Creutz & Peter Verboon. (2013) The Effects of Autobiographic Sexual Memory Recall on the Sexual Response of Sexually Functional Men. Archives of Sexual Behavior 42:6, pages 973-983.
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Lore B. Legrand, Marzia Del Zotto, Rémi Tyrand & Alan J. Pegna. (2013) Basic Instinct Undressed: Early Spatiotemporal Processing for Primary Sexual Characteristics. PLoS ONE 8:7, pages e69726.
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Omri Gillath & Melanie Canterberry. (2012) Neural correlates of exposure to subliminal and supraliminal sexual cues. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 7:8, pages 924-936.
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Peter Fromberger, Kirsten Jordan, Jakob von Herder, Henrike Steinkrauss, Rebekka Nemetschek, Georg Stolpmann & Jürgen Leo Müller. (2011) Initial Orienting Towards Sexually Relevant Stimuli: Preliminary Evidence from Eye Movement Measures. Archives of Sexual Behavior 41:4, pages 919-928.
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Nicole Y L Oei, Serge ARB Rombouts, Roelof P Soeter, Joop M van Gerven & Stephanie Both. (2012) Dopamine Modulates Reward System Activity During Subconscious Processing of Sexual Stimuli. Neuropsychopharmacology 37:7, pages 1729-1737.
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Alessandra H. Rellini, A. David Ing & Cindy M. Meston. (2011) Implicit and Explicit Cognitive Sexual Processes in Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 8:11, pages 3098-3107.
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Kathryn R. Macapagal & Erick Janssen. (2011) The valence of sex: Automatic affective associations in erotophilia and erotophobia. Personality and Individual Differences 51:6, pages 699-703.
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Kathryn R. Macapagal, Erick Janssen, Daniel J. Fridberg, Peter R. Finn & Julia R. Heiman. (2010) The Effects of Impulsivity, Sexual Arousability, and Abstract Intellectual Ability on Men’s and Women’s Go/No-Go Task Performance. Archives of Sexual Behavior 40:5, pages 995-1006.
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Erick Janssen. (2011) Sexual arousal in men: A review and conceptual analysis. Hormones and Behavior 59:5, pages 708-716.
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Stephanie Both, Ellen Laan & Walter Everaerd. (2011) Focusing “Hot” or Focusing “Cool”: Attentional Mechanisms in Sexual Arousal in Men and Women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 8:1, pages 167-179.
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Jorge Ponseti & Hartmut A. G. Bosinski. (2009) Subliminal Sexual Stimuli Facilitate Genital Response in Women. Archives of Sexual Behavior 39:5, pages 1073-1079.
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Cindy M. Meston, Alessandra H. Rellini & Katie McCall. (2010) The Sensitivity of Continuous Laboratory Measures of Physiological and Subjective Sexual Arousal for Diagnosing Women with Sexual Arousal Disorder. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 7:2_Part_2, pages 938-950.
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Jay M. Stone, Robert Clark, Tracy Sbrocco & Evelyn L. Lewis. (2008) The Effects of False Physiological Feedback on Tumescence and Cognitive Domains in Sexually Functional and Dysfunctional Men. Archives of Sexual Behavior 38:4, pages 528-537.
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Lea Thaler, Marta Meana & Alessandra Lanti. (2009) Misremembering Pain: Memory Bias for Pain Words in Women Reporting Sexual Pain. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 6:5, pages 1369-1377.
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Flip Van Der Made, Jos Bloemers, Wadi E. Yassem, Gunilla Kleiverda, Walter Everaerd, Diana Van Ham, Berend Olivier, Hans Koppeschaar & Adriaan Tuiten. (2009) The Influence of Testosterone Combined with a PDE5-Inhibitor on Cognitive, Affective, and Physiological Sexual Functioning in Women Suffering from Sexual Dysfunction. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 6:3, pages 777-790.
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Pekka Santtila, Andreas Mokros, Klaus Viljanen, Mika Koivisto, N. Kenneth Sandnabba, Angelo Zappalà & Michael Osterheider. (2011) Assessment of sexual interest using a choice reaction time task and priming: A feasibility study. Legal and Criminological Psychology 14:1, pages 65-82.
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John Bancroft. 2009. Human Sexuality and Its Problems. Human Sexuality and Its Problems 55 143 .
Omri GillathMario Mikulincer, Gurit E. Birnbaum & Phillip R. Shaver. (2008) When Sex Primes Love: Subliminal Sexual Priming Motivates Relationship Goal Pursuit. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34:8, pages 1057-1069.
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Jacques van Lankveld. 2008. Handbook of Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders. Handbook of Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders 154 187 .
Alessandra Rellini. (2008) Review of the Empirical Evidence for a Theoretical Model to Understand the Sexual Problems of Women with a History of CSA. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 5:1, pages 31-46.
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Stephanie Both, Mark Spiering, Ellen Laan, Sarah Belcome, Birre Van Den Heuvel & Walter Everaerd. (2008) Unconscious Classical Conditioning of Sexual Arousal: Evidence for the Conditioning of Female Genital Arousal to Subliminally Presented Sexual Stimuli. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 5:1, pages 100-109.
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Stephanie Ortigue, Scott T. Grafton & Francesco Bianchi-Demicheli. (2007) Correlation between insula activation and self-reported quality of orgasm in women. NeuroImage 37:2, pages 551-560.
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Skyler T. Hawk, Ryan Tolman & Charles W. Mueller. (2007) The Effects of Target Attractiveness on Men's Sexual Arousal in Response to Erotic Auditory Stimuli. The Journal of Sex Research 44:1, pages 96-103.
Crossref
Amy D. Lykins, Marta Meana & Gretchen Kambe. (2006) Detection of Differential Viewing Patterns to Erotic and Non-Erotic Stimuli Using Eye-Tracking Methodology. Archives of Sexual Behavior 35:5, pages 569-575.
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Helen M. Conaglen & Ian M. Evans. (2006) Pictorial Cues and Sexual Desire: An Experimental Approach. Archives of Sexual Behavior 35:2, pages 197-212.
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