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Original Articles

News on Nematic-Biaxial Liquid Crystals1

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Pages 393-405 | Received 25 Jul 1990, Published online: 24 Sep 2006

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Ashraf M. Ashmawy, El-Sayed M. Elnaggar, Manal G. Mohamed & Mohamed C. Hamam. (2022) Preparation and evaluation of new liquid crystal compounds as flow improvers for waxy crude oil. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 43:2, pages 206-220.
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Ashraf M. Ashmawy, Bo Yao, Manal G. Mohamed, El- Sayed M. Elnaggar, Salah M. El-Bahy & Mohamed F. Hamam. (2021) Allyl ester-based liquid crystal flow improvers for waxy crude oils. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 42:14, pages 2199-2209.
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D. D. Luders, W. S. Braga, O. R. Santos, A. R. Sampaio, N. M. Kimura, M. Simões & A. J. Palangana. (2019) Temperature dependence of 2V angle in biaxial negative and positive nematic lyotropic phases. Phase Transitions 92:11, pages 1021-1030.
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Silvia Orlandi, Luca Muccioli & Roberto Berardi. (2018) From rod-like to disc-like Gay–Berne biaxial nematics and back. Liquid Crystals 45:13-15, pages 2400-2415.
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Monika Gupta & Santanu Kumar Pal. (2018) Structure–property relationships in lath-shaped triads based on multialkynylbenzene. Liquid Crystals 45:9, pages 1279-1286.
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Yoriko Kanai, Hajime Akimoto & Kazuchika Ohta. (2017) Biaxial nematic phase of crank-like bis(β-diketonato)copper(II) complexes established by X-ray diffraction and Z-value calculations. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 648:1, pages 130-147.
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Francesco Vita. (2016) Search for nematic biaxiality in bent-core mesogens: an X-ray diffraction perspective. Liquid Crystals 43:13-15, pages 2254-2276.
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Monika Gupta & Santanu Kumar Pal. (2015) The first examples of room temperature liquid crystal dimers based on cholesterol and pentaalkynylbenzene. Liquid Crystals 42:9, pages 1250-1256.
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Norihiro Ishida, Yoichi Takanishi, Jun Yamamoto & Atsushi Yoshizawa. (2011) Amphiphilic liquid crystal possessing a SmA-promoting tail and a SmC-promoting core. Liquid Crystals 38:3, pages 317-323.
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Veena Prasad, Shin-Woong Kang, SanjayK. Varshney & N.G. Nagaveni. (2010) Self-assembly of azo molecules to mesogenic phasmid-like materials through inter-molecular hydrogen bonding. Liquid Crystals 37:2, pages 121-128.
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Laurent Omnès, Viorel Cîrcu, PeterT. Hutchins, SimonJ. Coles, PeterN. Horton, MichaelB. Hursthouse & DuncanW. Bruce. (2005) Possible transition from rod‐like to disc‐like behaviour in ortho‐metallated imine complexes of palladium(II): crystal and molecular structure of three palladium complexes. Liquid Crystals 32:11-12, pages 1437-1447.
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S. Krishna Prasad, GeethaG. Nair, D. S. Shankar Rao, ChethanV. Lobo, I. Shashikala & C. V. Yelamaggad. (2005) Biaxial Nematic and Smectic A Phases in a “Peelable Banana-Shaped” Molecule. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 437:1, pages 211/[1455]-221/[1465].
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Klaus Praefcke. (2001) Can Thermotropic Biaxial Nematics Be Made Real? [1]. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 364:1, pages 15-24.
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A.G. Vanakaras, A.F. Terzis & D.J. Photinos. (2001) On the Molecular Requirements for the Stabilisation of Thermotropic Biaxial Ordering in Rod-Plate Nematics. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 362:1, pages 67-78.
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L.J. Yu & C.J. Lee. (1999) Mesogenic Behaviors of 4-(4-Alkyloxy Benzoyloxy)-Phenyl (3,4-Dialkyloxy)Benzoate Homologues. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 332:1, pages 69-74.
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LI CUI, JINNAN LIU, PING XIE & RONGBEN ZHANG. (1999) High strength disclinations induced by hydrogen bond dissociation in the nematic phases of p-alkoxycinnamic acids. Liquid Crystals 26:4, pages 605-608.
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P. BERDAGUE. (1999) Nematogens with more flexible chains than aromatic rings in the core. Liquid Crystals 26:2, pages 211-218.
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K. Praefcke, D. Blunk, D. Singer, J.W. Goodby, K.J. Toyne, M. Hird, P. Styring & W.D. J. A. Norbert. (1998) Design of Low-molar Mass Thermomesogens in the Search for Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 323:1, pages 231-259.
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P.I. C. Teixeira, A.J. Masters & B.M. Mulder. (1998) Biaxial Nematic Order in the Hard-boomerang Fluid. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 323:1, pages 167-189.
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S. CHANDRASEKHAR, GEETHA G. NAIR, D. S. SHANKAR RAO, S. KRISHNA PRASAD, K. PRAEFCKE & D. BLUNK. (1998) Schlieren textures in free-standing nematic films: evidence of biaxiality. Liquid Crystals 24:1, pages 67-70.
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Klaus Praefcke, JohnD. Holbrey, Nadejda Usol'tseva & Dirk Blunk. (1997) Amphotropic Properties of Multi-Palladium and -Platinum Liquid Crystals [1]. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 292:1, pages 123-139.
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IgorL. Rozhanskii, Ikuyoshi Tomita & Takeshi Endo. (1996) Synthesis and thermal properties of dimeric alkoxy-substituted tolans. Liquid Crystals 21:5, pages 631-643.
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S. Chandrasekhar, GeethaG. Nair, K. Praefcke & D. Singer. (1996) Schlieren Textures in Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 288:1, pages 7-14.
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N. Usol'tseva, G. Hauck, H.D. Koswig, K. Praefcke & B. Heinrich. (1996) On the nematic-nematic phase transition in mixtures composed of sheet-shaped palladium organyls and apolar organic solvents. Liquid Crystals 20:6, pages 731-739.
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W. Weissflog, E. Dietzmann, C. Stützer, M. Drewello, F. Hoffmann & H. Hartung. (1996) Novel Mesogenic Benzoic Acids with Large Branches I. Synthesis, Liquid Crystalline Properties and Crystal Structure Analyses of 3-(4-Subst.-benzyloxycarbonyl)-4-(4-n-octyloxybenzoyloxy) benzoic Acids. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 275:1, pages 75-90.
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E. Berggren & C. Zannoni. (1995) Rotational diffusion of biaxial probes in biaxial liquid crystal phases. Molecular Physics 85:2, pages 299-333.
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K. Praefcke, S. Diele, J. Pickardt, B. Gündogman, U. Nütz & D. Singer. (1995) On the molecular and mesophase structures of disc-like tetrapalladium liquid crystals. Liquid Crystals 18:6, pages 857-865.
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J.C. Bhatt, S.S. Keast, M.E. Neubert & R.G. Petschek. (1995) Synthesis of highly chiral multisubstituted binaphthyl compounds as potential new biaxial nematic and NLO materials. Liquid Crystals 18:3, pages 367-380.
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JonM. Goetz & GinaL. Hoatson. (1994) Phase diagrams of binary mixtures of biaxial nematogens. Liquid Crystals 17:1, pages 31-45.
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N. Usol'tseva, K. Praefcke, D. Singer & B. Gündogan. (1994) Lyotropic phase behaviour of disc-shaped tetra-palladium organyls in apolar organic solvents [1]. Liquid Crystals 16:4, pages 601-616.
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S. Chandrasekhar. (1994) Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals in Low Molecular Weight Thermotropic Systems. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 243:1, pages 1-9.
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K. Praefcke, D. Singer & A. Eckert. (1994) Induction of nematic cholesteric (N∗) phases by charge transfer complexation of disc-shaped multiynes [1]. Liquid Crystals 16:1, pages 53-65.
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D. Singer, A. Liebmann, K. Praefcke & J.H. Wendorff. (1993) Disc-shaped dinuclear palladium organyls Structure and phase behaviour of charge transfer induced mesophases [1]. Liquid Crystals 14:3, pages 785-794.
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S. Chandrasekhar. (1993) Discotic liquid crystals. A brief review. Liquid Crystals 14:1, pages 3-14.
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L.J. Yu. (1993) Hydrogen bond-induced ferroelectric liquid crystals. Liquid Crystals 14:5, pages 1303-1309.
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D.A. Dunmur & P. Palffy-Muhoray. (1992) A mean field theory of dipole-dipole correlation in nematic liquid crystals. Molecular Physics 76:4, pages 1015-1023.
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Axel Kilian. (1992) Computer Simulations of Nematic Defects. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 222:1, pages 57-69.
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Klaus Praefcke, Dirk Singer & Bilgi Gündogan. (1992) Multi-Nuclear Palladium Organyls-Novel Structures and Properties of Disc-Like Metallomesogens1 . Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 223:1, pages 181-195.
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Alexandros G. Vanakaras & Demetri J. Photinos. (2008) Thermotropic biaxial nematic liquid crystals: Spontaneous or field stabilized?. The Journal of Chemical Physics 128:15.
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Herbert Meier, Thorsten Lifka, Ulf Stalmach, Annette Oehlhof & Sabine Prehl. (2008) ( E , E , E )‐4,4′‐Distyrylstilbenes – Synthesis, Photophysics, Photochemistry and Phase Behavior . European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2008:9, pages 1568-1574.
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Konstantin Kaznacheev & Torsten Hegmann. (2007) Molecular ordering in a biaxial smectic-A phase studied by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 9:14, pages 1705.
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Jonathan J. Hunt, Richard W. Date, Bakir A. Timimi, Geoffrey R. Luckhurst & Duncan W. Bruce. (2001) Toward the Biaxial Nematic Phase of Low Molar Mass Thermotropic Mesogens:  Substantial Molecular Biaxiality in Covalently Linked Rod−Disk Dimers. Journal of the American Chemical Society 123:41, pages 10115-10116.
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