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Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Volume 204, 1991 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

The Synthesis of Several Lateral Difluoro-substituted 4,4″-Dialkyl- and 4,4″-Alkoxyalkyl-Terphenyls and a Rationalisation of the Effect of Such Substitution on Mesophase Type and Transition Temperatures

G. W. Gray School of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, England
,
M. Hird School of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, England
&
K. J. Toyne School of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, England
Pages 43-64 | Received 26 Jul 1990, Published online: 04 Oct 2006

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Tong Zhang, Fanghua Liang, Xurui Li, Hongfei Lin, Ran Chen, Pei Chen, Xinbing Chen & Zhongwei An. (2023) Novel benzoxazole-based liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy and moderate optical anisotropy. Liquid Crystals 50:15, pages 2446-2457.
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Jakub Herman, Ewelina Dmochowska, Marta Pytlarczyk & Piotr Harmata. (2019) Synthesis and mesomorphism of tetrafluoro substituted 4-cyano oligophenyls. Liquid Crystals 46:11, pages 1666-1671.
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H.A. Ahmed & G.R. Saad. (2015) Mesophase behaviour of laterally di-fluoro-substituted four-ring compounds. Liquid Crystals 42:12, pages 1765-1772.
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Tien-Hsin Lee, Jiun-Tai Chen & Chain-Shu Hsu. (2015) Synthesis of cyclopentyloxy terphenyl liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy. Liquid Crystals 42:1, pages 104-112.
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Yi Jiang, Lingling Lu, Pei Chen, Xinbing Chen, Jian Li & Zhongwei An. (2012) Synthesis and properties of allyloxy-based biphenyl liquid crystals with multiple lateral fluoro substituents. Liquid Crystals 39:8, pages 957-963.
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R. Ch. Geivandov, V. Mezhnev & T. Geivandova. (2011) New Fluorine Substituted Liquid Crystal Containing Bicyclo[2.2.2]Octane Unit. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 542:1, pages 106/[628]-114/[636].
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Qiong Song, Sebastian Gauza, Jie Sun, Shin Tson Wu & Xiao Liang. (2009) Diluters' effects on high Δn and low-viscosity negative Δε terphenyl liquid crystals. Liquid Crystals 36:8, pages 865-872.
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L. R. Manuel, L. G. Cada & L. C. Chien. (2005) Synthesis and physical properties of difluoroterphenyl ferroelectric liquid crystal with mixed alkenyloxy‐ester terminal ends. Liquid Crystals 32:2, pages 163-172.
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Carmen Otilia Catanescu, Shin-Tson Wu & Liang-Chy Chien$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2004) Tailoring the physical properties of some high birefringence isothiocyanato-based liquid crystals . Liquid Crystals 31:4, pages 541-555.
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Kan Wang, Hengfeng Li, Kegang Liu & Jianxun Wen. (2001) Mesogens containing p-polyfluoro-m-nitrobenzoate and 2,3-difluorotolane groups. Liquid Crystals 28:10, pages 1585-1586.
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Hengfeng Li, Yonggang Yang & Jianxun Wen. (2000) Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4-[(4n-alkoxy-2,3-difluorophenyl)ethynyl]phenyl fluoro-substituted benzoates. Liquid Crystals 27:11, pages 1445-1449.
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Michael Hird & KennethJ. Toyne. (1998) Fluoro Substitution in Thermotropic Liquid Crystals. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 323:1, pages 1-67.
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A. S. MATHARU, R. C. WILSON & D. J. BYRON. (1997) The synthesis and comparison of the liquid crystalline properties of certain 1-(4'-n-alkoxypolyfluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-2-(trans-4-n- pentylcyclohexyl)-ethenes and -ethanes carrying four, six or eight fluoro-substituents. Liquid Crystals 23:4, pages 575-588.
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Chu Chuan Dong, Peter Styring, LawrenceK. M. Chan & JohnW. Goodby. (1997) Difluorobiphenyl Dioxaborinanes for Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Applications. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 302:1, pages 289-294.
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S.J. Lock, J.W. Goodby, M. Hird & K.J. Toyne. (1996) An investigation into the effect of lateral fluoro substitution in the molecular core on the spontaneous polarization of chiral cyclohexanes. Liquid Crystals 21:2, pages 279-289.
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Mitsuhiro Koden. (1996) Ferroelectric liquid crystal materials for practical FLCDs. Ferroelectrics 179:1, pages 121-129.
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RobertJ. Twieg, Vano Chu, Cattien Nguyen, ChristineM. Dannels & Christopher Viney. (1996) Tolane oligomers: Model thermotropic liquid crystals. Liquid Crystals 20:3, pages 287-292.
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V. Bezborodov, R. Dabrowski, J. Dziaduszek, K. Czuprynski & Z. Raszewski. (1996) Synthesis and physical properties of liquid crystals having a chlorine atom in the lateral position of a benzene ring. Liquid Crystals 20:1, pages 1-8.
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GeorgeW. Gray, Michael Hird, AndersonD. Ifill, WendyE. Smith & KennethJ. Toyne. (1995) The synthesis and transition temperatures of some 4′-alkyl- and 4′-alkoxy-4-cyano-3-fluorobiphenyls. Liquid Crystals 19:1, pages 77-83.
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Mark Goulding, Simon Greenfield, Owain Parri & David Coates. (1995) Liquid Crystals with a Thiomethyl End Group: Lateral Fluoro Substituted 4-(trans-4-(n-Propyl) Cyclohexylethyl-4′-Thiomethylbiphenyls and 4-n-Alkyl-4″-Thiomethylterphenyls. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 265:1, pages 27-40.
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S. Greenfield, D. Coates, M. Goulding & R. Clemitson. (1995) Nematogenic laterally fluorinated biphenyls with polar terminal groups. Liquid Crystals 18:4, pages 665-672.
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D.J. Byron, A.S. Matharu, R.C. Wilson & J.W. Brown. (1995) The Synthesis and Liquid Crystal Properties of certain 4′-Alkoxy-2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octafluorobiphenyl-4-yl-trans-4-alkylcyclohexane-1-carboxylates. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 258:1, pages 95-105.
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Michael Hird, KennethJ. Toyne, GeorgeW. Gray, DamienG. McDonnell & IanC. Sage. (1995) The relationship between molecular structure and mesomorphic properties of 2,2′- and 3,2′-difluoroterphenyls synthesized by palladium-catalysed cross-couplings. Liquid Crystals 18:1, pages 1-11.
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ChristopherJ. Booth, JohnW. Goodby, JudithP. Hardy, OlwenC. Lettington & KennethJ. Toyne. (1994) The influence of the liquid crystalline core geometry on the mesogenicity of novel chiral 2-(4-substituted-phenoxy)propanonitriles. Liquid Crystals 16:6, pages 925-940.
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RussellA. Lewthwaite, JohnW. Goodby & KennethJ. Toyne. (1994) The effect of a lateral hydroxy substituent on the thermal stability of the chiral smectic C phase. Liquid Crystals 16:2, pages 299-313.
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M. Hird, K.J. Toyne, G.W. Gray, S.E. Day & D.G. McDonnell. (1993) The synthesis and high optical birefringence of nematogens incorporating 2,6-disubstituted naphthalenes and terminal cyano-substituent. Liquid Crystals 15:2, pages 123-150.
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M.J. Goulding, S. Greenfield, D. Coates & R. Clemitson. (1993) Lateral fluoro substituted 4-alkyl-4″-chloro-1,1′:4′,1″-terphenyls and derivatives. Useful high birefringence, high stability liquid crystals. Liquid Crystals 14:5, pages 1397-1408.
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NeilJ. Thompson, JohnW. Goodby & KennethJ. Toyne. (1992) Liquid Crystalline Polymesomorphism in Copper(II) Complexes of β-Diketones: The Effect of the Position of a Polar Substituent. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 214:1, pages 81-95.
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Michael Hird, GeorgeW. Gray & KennethJ. Toyne. (1992) The synthesis and transition temperatures of some trans-4-alkylcyclohexylethyl-substituted 2,3-difluorobiphenyls. Liquid Crystals 11:4, pages 531-546.
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